The Babylonian Civilization Of Babylon Essay - 1185 Words

The Babylonian civilization About the civilization of Babylon: Babylonian civilization is considered as one of the most important civilizations in the ancient world. The Babylonians took and developed everything after the Sumerians civilization especially in the spiritual realm and in the field of building an integrated civilization. The earlier civilizations had big role in the Babylonians civilization period when Babylonians took all the cuneiform writing, mathematical and astronomical knowledge, in addition to that the method of building cities, dams and etc. they improved all of them. The development of knowledge continued by Babylonian where the Sumerians stop, and the Babylonian built an empire for themselves on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the southern part of Sumer (Iraq). The first Amuriyahian family has ruled over Babylon in the period (1830- 1530 BC), when Babylon was a mini-states at the time. Then the greatest king of Babylonian Hammurabi appeared in the seventeenth cen tury BC. He established a famous group of laws known by (Hammurabi code).Also he was the king who united this petty States and achieved an important architectural movement in the city of Babylon. The Babylonian society: The community in Babylon was a form of primitive democracy that disappeared with the era of Hammurabi, while the Liberals and the pro classes appeared as well as the slaves. In the first millennium BC, and the servantsShow MoreRelatedBabylon As A Great Civilization1473 Words   |  6 PagesBabylon was a great civilization which at one time could have ruled the world. The name Babylon means â€Å"Gate of God†. Babylon was located in an ancient region surrounded by the Tigris and Euphrates River. This great civilization first initiated around 3500 BC and began to crumble after the year 323 BC. The Babylon culture was successful because of the advanced citizens, cultural cities, their technology, and legal systems. Babylon was home to 10,000 to 40,000 Babylonians. This paper will talk aboutRead More The Intent Behind the Enuma Elish (Creation Epic) Essay624 Words   |  3 PagesElish are secondary to the authorà ­s effort to explain the supremacy of Mar duk, to justify absolute oriental monarchy, and to defend Babylon as the axis mundi. The Enuma Elish was composed in Babylonin the early second millennium B.C.E. The decay of Sumerian civilization allowed the Old-Babylonian Empire to become the cultural and political center of Mesopotamia. Babylon was governed by absolute and despotic kings capable of wielding enough power to ensure the continued existence of massive buildingRead MoreThe Law of Hammurabi in Mesopotamia and Babylon815 Words   |  3 PagesHammurabi, King and ruler of Babylon from 1792-1750 B.c at the beginning of his rein, Mesopotamia was divided into many city states, all with their own patterns of shifting rules, but Hammurabi eventually brought the entire region under his control, he collected laws from varied city states, and wrote down a set of codes, that soon governed the entire area (King 56). Hammurabi’s written code allowed lot to be a matter of public knowledge and so help advance the rule of law in society. Babylon’s greatRead MoreComparing The Achaemenid Empire And The Impe rial Stability And Prosperity Were Cyrus And Darius1638 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout human civilization, it has been invariably true that the ideas and innovations belonging to particular societies have been adopted by both concurrent and later cultures. This has culminated in remarkably advanced societies, whose success can be attributed to that of their ancient counterparts. Much of the prosperity of modern civilization can certainly be accredited to the Achaemenid Empire, a pluralistic empire founded in 550 BCE. At its peak, it stretched from the Indus River ValleyRead MoreThe Hanging Gardens Of Babylon1510 Words   |  7 PagesA Mysterious Ancient Marvel Introduction The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders, and also the only one with unknown location and there is no physical evidence that it ever existed. It is said that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon was ordered to be constructed by the ruling Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II. The gardens were built for the homesick queen Amyitis. The gardens were said to be on the top of a building of four floors of platforms and the building itself was made of bricksRead MorePeace or Violence: Differences between the Navajo and Babylonian Creation Myths900 Words   |  4 PagesPeace or Violence: Differences Between the Navajo and Babylonian Creation Myths The study of world history is an exhilarating project that offers unparallel opportunity to understand oneself and ones own society in relation to the larger world (Bently xvii). Indeed, world history is an exciting and interesting topic. The textbooks seem to get more in depth and detailed with every new year. But how exactly do historians get all of the material to make these textbooks? What do they baseRead MoreRise of Greek Civilization Essay641 Words   |  3 Pagestowards the rise of civilization in Greece? How is it something special in the intellectual world? Is it true that science and philosophy were born at the same time i.e. in the 6th century B.C.? What were the reasons for the early development of civilizations (E.g. writing in 4000 B.C.) in Egypt and Mesopotamia? When were the pyramids built? How did Gods get associated with morality, as in breaching law became impiety? What was the oldest legal code of Hammurabi, the king of Babylon? What was theRead MoreLaws and Rituals throughout History Began with the Code of Hammurabi1361 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, many civilizations have endured through a system of social, political, religious, and economic laws and rituals. Most of these laws and rituals were set up as procedures for moral behavior, family life, education, government, and business. These basic values were set forth by an early civilization known as the Babylonians. Law codes were regarded as a subject for prayer. However, to truly gain an understanding of Mesopotamia in the 17th Century BC, we should take a closer lookRead MoreThe Code of Hammurabi Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, many civilizations have endured through a system of social, political, religious, and economic laws and rituals. Most of these laws and rituals were set up as procedures for moral behavior, family life, education, government, and business. These basic values were set forth by an early civilizati on known as the Babylonians. There is a lot about Babylonian society that can be learned through reading the Code of Hammurabi. In the very least, the document itself and the materialsRead MoreRome Essay Question1622 Words   |  7 PagesEmpire, both, hit on other civilizations, misc. I’m planning to link examples that explain how other emperors didn’t do what Rome did correctly directly with my fact on what Rome did do correct. As far as the second half of the question goes I am planning on taking what I have on each empire and try to make references to them during my arguments above. Tom L. was emphasizing Assyria during his explanation of this response. I listed some main points to hit on for every civilization below. Then with the

Brand Relationships - 886 Words

Brand Relationships Fournier (1998) explains relationships with brands as relationships being purposeful by adding meaning and structure to life by shaping personality, changing self-concepts through expansion, or reinforcing the self-concept through mechanisms of self-worth or self-esteem. Relationships are deeply rooted in personal history and are central to ones core concept of self. They help resolve lifes themes that are central to the individual and may deliver on important projects and tasks. There are also sociocultural contexts of age/cohort, life cycle, gender, family/social network, cultural influence, the strength of relationships, types, desires, nature and experience of emotional expression, styles of interacting, ease of initiation, and the degree of commitments that influence the relationships. The socioemotional provisions include psychosocial identity, reassurance of self-worth, image, social integration, and rewards of stimulation, security, guidance, nurturance, assistance, and social support. All these factors play a part of relationships. Consumer brand relationships are more a matter of compatibility. The meaningful relationships are formed from ego significance and are a function of other relationships. Consumers look for meanings from brands in how brands are compatible with their own personality, self-worth, and social factors. Individual lifestyles, desires, needs, and interests are part of the brands consumers look for meaning and structureShow MoreRelatedBrand Relationship Between Brands And Consumers1424 Words   |  6 Pages(2009, p.315) Brand relationship is defined as the continual exchanges between a specified brand and an established customer, where relationship characteristics of love, association, interdependence and loyalty are developed with the brand. However, Keller (2014, p.365) revealed that consumer-brand relationships are the quality of relationship between brands and consumers. As a result, there are many influences that formulate consumer brand relationship. Basically, brand loyalty , brand e quity and trustRead MoreRelationship Between Brand And Brand Engagement2277 Words   |  10 Pagesresearch studies, the aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between characteristics of brand posts on the intention of users to engage with the brand in Twitter, to explore in depth dimensions of online brand engagement, which include cognition, affect, and behavior and the effect of this online brand engagement on brand loyalty and e-word of mouth. . Furthermore, this study tried to test the proposed conceptual model of online brand engagement that supported engagement between the antecedentsRead MoreConsumer-Brand Relationships6999 Words   |  28 PagesCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Background In the present day, relationship marketing is a popular concept in marketing research and practice (Wang and Head, 2005). Morgan and Hunt (1994) define relationship marketing as all marketing activities directed towards establishing, developing and maintaining relational exchanges. The goal of relationship marketing is to increase customer loyalty. Research proves the premise that loyal customers are actually more profitable. Loyal customers are lessRead MoreBrand Equity and Country of Origin Relationship9856 Words   |  40 PagesBrand equity is considered a key indicator of the state of health of a brand, and its monitoring is believed to be an essential step in effective brand management (Aaker, 1991, 1992). Both researchers (e.g. Shocker et al., 1994) and practitioners (e.g. Biel, 1992) have argued for the importance of understanding the concept of brand equity. Country of origin is another important variable influencing consumer perceptions of brands (Hulland, 1999) and brand images (Ahmed et al., 2002). In the presentRead MoreHow Brands Gain Successful Exposure On The Market, And The Way They Build Relationships With Consumers1546 Words   |  7 Pages5.1 KNOW THE RULES The main aim of this study was to investigate the ways brands gain successful exposure in the market, and the way they build relationships with consumers. Upon researching, it was found that there are certain brands that do not necessarily follow the current advised procedures for this practice. One of these brands is Apple Inc., and being one of the most cherished brands of all times, it was decided that an investigation on its consumers’ behaviour would possibly shed light overRead MoreConsumer Brand Relationship3623 Words   |  15 PagesAnalyze consumer-brand relationships in a product category of your choice Brand Relationship Management Table of Contents 1. Instroduction 6 2 Literature Review 8 2.1 Brand 8 2.2 C-C Identification and Relationship 9 2.3 Relationship marketing 9 2.4 Brand Personality 11 2.4.1 Personality as Self-Image 11 2.4.2 Big Five Dimensions of human Personality 12 2.4.3 Recent Concept on the Brand Personality Concept 13 Record Revision History Rev | Effective date | Date Entered |Read MoreThe Meaning of Having a Relationship with a Brand1718 Words   |  7 PagesBrand relationships Meaning of having a relationship with a brand Susan Fourniers argued that consumers relate to their brands in different ways and understanding this relationship helps to inform marketing practice with a significant relationship perspective. She argued that there has been a relationship paradigm shift whereby marketing is now focused on relationships which are mutually reciprocating and long-term between customers and firms. Relationship-rich concepts such as loyalty, interdependencyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Brands And Consumers On Consumer Behavior1705 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to investigate the relationship between brands and consumers, an understanding on the effects the Internet has on both the brands and the consumers must be recognized. Further to this, the paper will research the characteristics of the Internet, the communication models, the market environment and the impact the Internet has on consumer behaviour. The Internet is an extremely efficient medium for accessing and communicating information. Marketing on the Internet has been widely developedRead MoreRelationship Between Celebrity Personality And Brand Personality1406 Words   |  6 Pagesto sell their brand to consumers. They try different strategies and methods to get through to their target market. Of the many options they have using a celebrity endorser is a popular way to get consumers to notice the brand and to buy the product. However, finding the right celebrity to match with the brands personality is a matter of opinion, and finding the right match could also affect the consumers’ willingness to buy the brand. The current study will examine the relationship in celebrityRead MoreThe Relationship Between Customer Satisfaction and Brand Loyalty1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe Relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Brand Loyalty Abstract This study attempts to examine the impact of customer service (retail service quality and product quality) on brand loyalty. It focuses on the particular aspects of customer service: personal interaction, policy, reliability, and problem solving. Data will be collected through an in-person survey and an on-line survey immediately following the purchase or visit to the store or website. Another survey will be administered

Essay about Classification of Water Coolers - 1023 Words

There are ten types of water coolers. Though these water coolers would look very similar if they were sitting next to each other, they would also be very different. The Energy Star Cooler While shopping for water coolers for the workplace, I was surprised to learn that a typical unit uses a lot more energy than a full size refrigerator. That is why I specified that the cooler model must have an Energy Star label so it would use much less energy. The Environmental Protection Agency requires that a product meet strict guidelines to achieve an Energy Star label, and the consumer can be assured the unit will offer substantial savings†¦show more content†¦The taste of coffee, hot and iced tea is much better than it was before. We are all saving money because nobody is buying bottled water anymore for work. I never knew our public water could taste so good. The Gym Cooler The gym where I work out finally installed a few floor model water coolers. This was a welcome addition, because I was tired of the hassle or lugging around personal water bottles. The buttons are on top of the cooler, so there is no bending over to wait for the water to come out. I do enough bending in my workout, and I just want to be lazy when getting a drink of water. It has a high flow device so it can fill a glass in half the time it takes other units to fill one. It has a stainless steel and plastic construction, and it has a nice slick modern look. The Floor Model Cooler I went shopping online for floor model water coolers that I wanted to set up in our family room. I found a nice one that would accept any 5 or 3 gallon bottle, so I ordered it immediately. The cooler arrive in a mere 3 days, and it was easy to unpack and assemble with no help. It has a nice look that fit in well with our sporty decor. It is very quiet to run and we never hear the compressor or any strange rattles like are common with other coolers. The child proof safety button for the hot water is appreciated because we have small children. The No Heavy Lifting of Bottles After I hurt my back, my husband wentShow MoreRelatedVolcanic Rocks And Plutonic Rocks1558 Words   |  7 Pagesthe line of the Alpha Fault. New Zealand began as a sand and mud eroded. The lithosphere is outside layer of the Earth. It is more cooler than the layer below which is the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is more hot and flexible than the lithosphere layer, it gives some of its heat through something called convection. This means that the magma will move into the cooler layer in the Earth. When the cracks in the rocks move apart the cooled rock makes a new tectonic plate material. The plates have beenRead MoreThe Most Important And Vital Organisms On Our Planet Earth1651 Words   |  7 Pageswritten about these big orange beasts. Another book called the â€Å"California Conifers† written by Ronald M. Lanner. These books about trees are classifications of trees. There are so many different types of trees in this world. There are Japanese maple trees, Douglas firs, Willow trees, and million other kinds. There are many books about tree classifications as well, like â€Å"Tree Identification Book : A New Method for the Practical Identification and Recognition of Trees† by Georg W. Symonds. It classifiesRead MoreCase Analysis : V. Yosemite Water Company, Inc.956 Words   |  4 PagesAppellant, v. YOSEMITE WATER COMPANY, INC., Defendant am Respondent, No. S070114, Supreme Court of California, June 17, 1999. This case was based on facts and opinions from Peter Ramirez as being an employee for Yosemite Water Company as a route sales representative/relief sales representative. This case was filed because Mr. Ramirez felt that he wasn’t getting paid properly for all the jobs and duties he performed at the company. Also, the case was to resolve whether a bottled water driver was entitledRead MoreSoil Essay728 Words   |  3 Pagesrocks | |Sand |2mm |Quartz, gypsum,mollusk shell, coral fragments basalt pumice. colloids | |Silt |0.01mm |Sedimentary rock, water, wind, ice include colloids. | |Clay |0.002mm |Plasticity, firm,silicate, granite, alumina limestone, colloids | |Colloids |0.00001mmRead MorePhysical And Chemical Properties Of Water In El Mansouriya Stream762 Words   |  4 Pages- Environmental factors: The measured physical and chemical properties of the water in El-Mansouriya stream during the study period that presented in table (1), showed clearly that almost all parameters elevated in winter and lowered in summer, except for temperature (Temp.) and biological oxygen demand (B.O.D) recorded their maximum values during summer (29.20C-2.4 mg/L), while the minimum were during winter (17.20C-1.0 mg/L), respectively. Moreover, the measures clarified a narrow variations amongRead MoreMarketing Study on Portable Water Cooler4305 Words   |  18 PagesExecutive Summary Breeze Waters will introduce a bottled water cooler that is portable and easy to bring outdoors and will provide cool/cold water anytime, anywhere. The product’s main feature is its portability. Bottled water coolers are mostly indoors and are place in a fixed spot in vicinity. Our product will take on the mobility of users as the target market will be professional athletes that are always on the go in their trainings and game tours, and other professionals whose work are mostlyRead MoreGalileo s Observation Of Astronomy1018 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironments. These became known as ‘archaebacteria’. After investigating the biochemical and DNA features of archaebacteria it was discovered that they presented little resemblance to other bacteria. As a result Woese proposed the ‘domain’ (a classification category above kingdom) which led to the three domain system in which organisms are divided into three groups and six kingdoms based on ribosomal RNA s tructure. The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya and the six kingdoms are PlantaeRead MoreIs There Life On Earth?1068 Words   |  5 Pagescollection of process that converts materials into energy. Living things also have the ability to reproduce themselves in sexual pair or individually. Life also undergoes evolution. Simpler forms precede forms of greater organization. Based on these classifications, there is life on Earth. This life takes many different forms such as â€Å"intelligent† life in humans and other forms in plants, animals, and bacteria. Another part of the definition of life is that life is cellular. The definition of life is toRead MoreEnvironmental Sustainability Through Architecture : Climate Change2022 Words   |  9 Pagesof this process has altered the frequency and strength of daily temperatures in terms of more hot days and warmer days as well as a drop in the quantity of cooler days. Furthermore as a result the amount of more extreme we ather events such as cyclones and heavy rain patterns has increased as a result of warmer climates as well as warmer water temperatures (Australian Academy of Science 2015). Over the last century sea level rise has occurred as a result of expansion of the ocean due to warmer temperaturesRead MoreAnswers For The Final Exam1412 Words   |  6 Pagesformation of minerals as it involves chemical reactions that results to formation of new substances. 6 CEC, cation exchange capacity, refers to the measure of soil fertility, its ability to retain nutrients and its capacity to protect the underground water from contamination. Soil buffering, on the other hand, refers to the capacity of soil to use absorption as a mechanism to stop nutrient and pH changes. There is a direct relation between cation exchange capacity and soil buffering. 7 Photosynthesis

Media Violence - 1142 Words

It has been calculated that American kids see about 200,000 acts of violence and 25,000 murders on television by the time they reach age eighteen. (Schleifer 18) Arrests of people under the age of eighteen for violent crimes rose forty-seven percent from 1988 to 1992. (Miller 174) The American Medical Association conducted a study that found a direct relationship between viewing and homicide. (Miller 176) Does this kind of overexposure to violence have a significant effect on children and teenagers? The answer is yes! Many reliable sources have proven that violence in the media has a negative influence in children under the age of eighteen. Statistics show that deaths and arrests involving children due to violence committed by other†¦show more content†¦This is especially true when it come to cartoon violence because the consequences to the victims are rarely shown. (acc.jc.edu/north/masscomm/cartoon/html) Very young children, especially, and some teenagers have trouble dist inguishing fact from fantasy. One teenager gang member wounded in a shoot out was amazed at how much the gun shoot hurt. After all, on television, people who get shot never show pain! (Schleifer 18) I didnt know it would hurt him, said an eight year old boy after he was arrested for beating his next door-neighbor. (Kreiner 27) Statistics even show that the media also affects the number of crimes committed by children and murders of children by other children. In 1993, 28 New York youth faced murder charges. On a national scale, arrests for homicide among juveniles went up 93 percent from 1988 to 1992. A 1994 study by Parade magazine showed that 12Show MoreRelatedMedia Violence And The Media Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesExposure to the media violence may be especially problematic in late adolescence. Television and other media play a major role in adolescent socialization and identity development by providing perspectives, values, ideologies, and behavior models (Arnett G., Robert s D. et al.). The socializing role of television in particular may be ampliï ¬ ed by the large amount of time young people spend with this medium. Speciï ¬ cally, 18- to 24-year-olds spend more time watching television and movies than youngerRead MoreMedia Violence1535 Words   |  7 Pagesat looking at the potentially harmful effects of the consumption of violent media and the impact it has on psychological factors. Two psychological factors that have been researched are empathy and aggression and how violent media influences these two emotions. Theories that have tried explaining the pathway from the viewing of violence in media and the impact on aggression have generally focused on the role of violent media being used by consumers as observational learning and promoting the developmentRead MoreMedia Violence and Violence in Society1059 Words   |  4 Pagesprogramming contains some violence, there should be more and more violent crime after television is available† ( Freedman). Many suggest the violence in media is causing violence in society but then how is it that violent crimes are actually decreasing in the United States. The violence that is occurring is actually due from the mentally ill, poor parenting, and the location of where one lives in society. Violence has actually decreased over the decades even though media has more violence than ever beforeRead MoreViolence in Mass Media594 Words   |  2 PagesViolence in Mass Media Violence is everywhere and in everything from what we see to what we hear. Today’s society has become acquainted with the violence in video games, tv shows, movies, and music since it is everywhere but many have become too attached to this violence and brought it to real life. Many assume that getting rid of this violence is essential to a more passive and peaceful society but there are more benefits to the portail of violence that society sees today. One of the key itemsRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1892 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and broad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is often very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, but to whomRead MoreMedia, Violence, And Violence Essay1949 Words   |  8 Pageswould be the media. Media and violence are both very wide and broad concepts that have massive impacts in our society, and it is important to distinguish their relationship with each other. The types of media are things such as violent video games, films, newspapers, magazines and television. One particular type of media that is ofte n very problematized is violent video games. Different studies have shown convincing and unconvincing correlational in regards to the media and violence, but to whomRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Behavioral Violence916 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Media Violence on Behavioral Violence in Young Adults in America The influence of mass media has progressively increased in American society, but can the media have effects beyond mere entertainment and impartial information? American culture has become saturated with online news reports, social media, and media entertainment. Technology has become a major factor in America’s social environment. Much of the information gained from digital sources involves or portrays violence, and manyRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreThe Effects Of Violence On The Media1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of violence in the media is a big controversy; some say it affects are society and others say that there is not any proof of this. There are many theories on how violence in media does, and how it does not, affect our society. Many people claim watching television or even playing video games will affect children’s or young adults’ minds. Researches claim that they found no evidence of change in aggr essiveness in children or young adults while playing video games. Researchers allowed childrenRead More Media Violence Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pageswhether it is right for their child to have access to this sort of violence: the kind found in most video games, television shows, and movies all over the world. But honestly, does it make a difference in the child’s development as a productive member of society, and if so, can a parent really do anything about it? These are the questions that researchers of the subject hope to answer conclusively In order to understand how media violence has an effect on children, different variables must first be examined

Lean Supply Chain and Logical Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Lean Supply Chain and Logical Management. Answer: Introduction: Capacity planning refers to the process whereby, production capacity is fully estimated and determined. This is attributed by the high change in product demand in most of the organizations. In the context of operation management, capacity planning is connected to design capacity that indicates the optimum amount of work to be completed in a given timeframe by organizations. Capacity planning include design plan that check input requirements and outputs (Muller, 2011). It is very essential in estimating and determining the maximum production capacity. This can be achieved within a given timeframe and using the normal working program. It is also essential in estimating maximum utilization of resources and enhance proper decision making process. In context of operation management, capacity planning is essential so as to follow certain decision making process such as product modification and high extensive operations. Capacity planning also enhance the innovation of new products. This in volve a certain technique applied to find out and measure the production capacity of certain materials used in capital intensive resource. These factors are referred as determinants of effective capacity. They include facilities, product and service factors, process factors, human factors, policy factors, operation factors, supply chain factors and external factors. To begin with, facilities are important factor in efficient capacity management. The required design of facilities is best based on availability of size and provision of expansion. This factor may include energy sources, market and labor supply. When they are available, work can be performed smoothly. Secondly, process factors is the next determinant of effective capacity. It deal with output quality. Output rate increase if the quality meet the required standards and vice versa. Lastly, human factors is the final determinant of effective capacity. It involves jobs hiring to complete certain arrays of activities. These factors require skills and experience so as to perform the job effectively. Training is also offered so as to increase output. There are four strategies used capacity and production planning. They include lead strategy, lag strategy, match strategy and adjustment strategy. To begin with, lead strategy refers to the process of increasing capacity in the production unit by the organization due to anticipated rise in demand mechanisms. It is an aggressive strategy whose key objective is luring consumers and customers from other competitors relating to a particular company. In this case, lead strategy is used to by the consumers and customers by increasing the level of service delivery and minimizing lead time (Rothfuss, 2008). It also enhance minimization of stock out costs in production. The main advantage associated with lead time is to make sure that call-us plumbing company has enough capacity to fulfil all the demands especially during high growth rates. Again, the company can utilize lead strategy to preempt competition caused by various competitors whose main aim is to increase their production capacity. However, lead strategy is risk seeker where there is uncertainty in demand and high technological advancements. The second strategy is called lag strategy. This refers to the strategy that occurs in capacity addition posterior to the organization ability of running all the capacity due to increment in demand mechanisms. Lag strategy is also described as conservative strategy in the sense that it assert the opposite aspect of lead strategy. It main aim is to reduce the risk of wastage (Richard, 2014). However, in the process, the outcome may be loss of customers due to lower service levels and stocking out process. The main advantage of lag strategy is reduction of overbuilding risk. Again, it enhance better production as utilization levels increase. Finally the company has ability to put off the huge investments in a given timeframe. The next strategy is called match strategy. This refers to addition of minimal amounts based on demand changes in a perfect market. It is also referred as moderate strategy. The last strategy is called adjustment strategy. It involves addition and reduction capacity in minimized or maximized amounts caused by consumers demand algorithms. It is also caused by change in production and system architectural design. There are three common capacities or strategies that Call-Us plumbing company can use to improve supply. They include leading capacity, following capacity and tracking capacity. To begin with, leading capacity refers to a situation where a company tends to raise capacity so as to meet anticipated demand (Piasecki, 2009). Next is following capacity. Following capacity refers to situation where companies, before expanding production capabilities, they first check if there is demand increment. Finally, tracking capacity occurs whereby, there is additional increase in capacity overtime so as to deal with anticipated demand. Time. Supply chain require time management. In every stage of supply chain, it is important to a given amount of inventory that will be used in lead time. Uncertainty. It is important to keep inventory supply so as to reduce the risk associated to uncertainty in demand and supply mechanisms (Hugos, 2011). This also enhance proper movement of goods. Economics of scale. It is good to keep supply of inventory so as to gain profit from additional of a single unit in production when the users need the inventory. Ordering cost = number of orders ordering cost = 400 5.50 = 2200 Inventory carrying cost = carrying cost per unit average inventory = 0.40 300000= 120000 Present annual stocking cost = ordering cost + inventory carrying cost. = 2200 + 120000 = 122200. EOQ = ((2 D S) H) = ((2 10000 5.5) 0.4)) = 275000 Ordering cost = number of orders ordering cost = 400 5.50 = 2200 Inventory carrying cost = carrying cost per unit average inventory = 0.40 275000 = 110000 Present annual stocking cost = ordering cost + inventory carrying cost. = 2200 + 110000 = 112200. Saving stocking cost = stocking cost without EOQ less stocking cost using EOQ = 122200 112200 = 10000 EOQ = ((2 D S) H) = ((2 10000 5.5) 0.4)) = 275000 Total stocking stock (TSC) = (Q2) C + (DQ) S = (4002) 0.4 + (10000400) 5.5 = 217.5 Reorder = p d = 40 120 = 4800 Estimated saving in total annual stocking cost with EOQ = (Q2) C + (DQ) S +reorder = 217 +4800 = 5017.50 Estimated saving in total annual stocking cost when the values were all delivered at once = reorder total stocking cost. 4800 - 217.5 = 4582.5 Fixed order inventory management system refers to inventory control mechanism where orders are placed in periodic manner such that a difference arise in order quantity every time orders are placed while on the other hand variable period inventory management refers to inventory control mechanism where a continuous system is used to place orders for a given constant amount in case a decrease in inventory is noted towards a given level. This critically involves methods used by companies to order inventory and to attain inventory that can be used in production. Using Just-in- time mechanisms, the company do not hold safety stock. This makes their operation of inventory very low. Just in time mechanism require time series analysis to forecast demand. This mechanism applies cost reduction stock management strategy. For example, in Toyota Company, just in time has been used successfully. There is adequate production, proper human resource with skills and knowledge. It also make sure that cases of machine failure does not occur. The suppliers of goods and services need to be reliable (Latham, 2010). For Toyota Company, the method of assembling vehicles should be well defined using just-in-time mechanism It is a system used in both just-in-time manufacturing and the corresponding lean manufacturing. Its main aim is to enhance supply chain control (Myerson, 2012). Again, many experts used this mechanism tool in the production system and in the improvement of production capacity. The Kanban cards are used to enhance the movements of materials in and out of the production facilities. For example, Kanban inventory system include the popular 3-Bin system which is used in supply parts. There are many tools used in inventory management and can be recommended to Mr. Swartz to improve the production in his company. Software inventory tool. This tool is used in inventory management, its main purpose is maintenance of systematic record which is used in inventory transaction, orders resupply and also quantity inventory management. Hardware inventory tool. It refers to software design that can be utilized in inventory management (Grummit, 2007). There are various hardware used in inventory management such as desktops, servers and asset tags. Theoretical inventory management models. This tool is applicable in safety stock calculation. This tool uses the system to execute periodic reviews in management inventory. Audit system. They typically refers to specific place whereby, lean manufacture assemble the companys warehouse. The company can use this inventory management tool to ascertain the success of the company. These tools are used in attaining manufacturing process in production facility. Supply chain management can be broadly defined as management of certain activities that can be used to optimize the value of customer and therefore enhancing the attainment of competitive advantage which by all means possible remain sustainable irrespective of the forces in supply chain (Klosterboer, 2011). This chain represent the channel used by companies to ensure an efficient and effective method used in supply chain. Supply chain basically embrace two ideas. First, it involves movement of products from the suppler to the end user and finally the companies expand their activities outside the walls of the company. Supply chain management involves the following processes. This process is defined as supply chain planning that involves the forces of demand and supply mechanisms. Demand plan revolves sections used in determining the demand requirements. An enterprise need to control its financial objective together with service objective. This therefore enhance the balance used in demand and supply mechanisms. Supply chain management has purchasing process that involves the buying and selling of commodities in the company. Companies relies on demand and supply forces to determine the quality and quantity of purchase to be done in a given particular time. Goods and services are processed by the lean manufacturing companies (Farrington Lyson, 2012). The processing process will be determined by the demand of a given product. When the demand is high, processing process increases so as to meet the demand. This is the last process in supply chain management. This involves movements of goods and services from the manufacturing or processing facilities to the end user. Fasting moving consumer goods need to plan in a well-organized manner. Planning will the durability of the fast moving customer goods by making sure the demand is meet whenever the goods are required by the consumer (Ellsworth, 2015). Purchasing of fast moving consumer goods need to be paid immediately so as to enhance fast production of other goods without facing financial constraints. Processing of fast moving consumer goods need to adhere to the required basic standards. Finally, distribution of fast moving goods need to done using the fastest channels of distribution. This flow chart is a representative of call-us plumbing supply. It indicates movement from the supply to producers and to customers. There are six current trends in supply chain management as highlighted below. There is artificial intelligence on steroid. Here, many companies are using social media. Companies such as Facebook and google. Supply chain will look to go digital. New technology has enhanced supply chain management in digital communication. Responding to innovation and change but with an eye on fundamentals. Trend in augmented reality (Christopher, 2016). This involves facility planning, container loading and picking optimization. Procurement new role in the supply chain Collaboration continues to take center stage for efficient supply chain management. All these are the current trends that are happening and likely to happen the future. Supply chain strategies are very important in the management of supply chain. The optimization of resources (Chopra, 2012). This strategy asserts that the company need to use all the resources available in the supply chain so as to maximize capacity output. Visibility provision and synchronization. This ensures that the channels of distributions from the company to end user is very clear. Supply chain is based on real demand. This implies that demand mechanism will highly dictate what supply chain need to correspond. The customer relationship is associated to the profit segments. If the company has good customer relationship, the turnout will increase thus increasing profits. Call-us plumbing supply Company should use the optimization of resources to improve their supply. This strategy will help the company in profit maximization since most of the resources will be fully exploited (Bragg, 2015). The resources could include physical resources and human resources who can burn the midnight oil to ensure full optimization of all the available resources. This part requires research on supply chain management, inventory and capacity. To start with, the research on supply chain management results are explained after conducting a customized research. ABC Garment Ltd board of directors should note that the research offers a range of supply chain management tools that ABC Garment Company can utilize. It will help the employees to understand the key limitation confronted in supply chain (Ballantyne, 2007). The research also review a perfect instrument that publicly create concern about supply chain management in ABC Company. In inventory, the company need to embrace the best strategies that can manage inventory by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages associated to the strategy. Finally, capacity will involve the production of adequate capacity that meet the anticipated demand. The research need to indicate a perfect correlation between the demand and capacity produce. Here, the strategy to be recommended to the Call-Us plumbing company is called lead strategy. This strategy will promote supply chain management, inventory and capacity (Baily, Farmer Crocker, 2015). In supply chain management, lead strategy will be applied in planning, processing, purchasing and distribution. In inventory and capacity, lead strategy will apply the EOQ model to improve inventory and capacity of Call-Us plumbing supply. References. Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B. (2015). Procurement, Principle Management. Pearson publishers. Ballantyne, T. (2007). Capacity. Spectra. Bragg, S.M. (2015). Accounting for Inventory. Accounting Tools. Chopra, S. (2012). Supply Chain Management. Pearson Education. Christopher, M. (2016). Logistic Supply Chain Management. FT Press. Ellsworth, T. (2015). Capacity Special Edition. Secret Acres. Farrington, B., Lyson, K. (2012). Purchasing and Supply Chain Management. Pearson Publishing. Grummit, A. (2007). Capacity Management. Van Haren Publishing Hugos, M.H. (2011). Essentials of Supply Chain Management. Wiley publishers. Klosterboer, L. (2011). ITIL Capacity Management. IBM Press. Latham, J. (2010). Java. Just in Time. College Publication. Muller, M. (2011). Essential of Inventory Management. AMACOM. Myerson, D. (2012). Lean Supply Chain and Logical Management. McGraw-Hill Education. Piasecki, D.J. (2009). Inventory Management Explained. OPS publishing. Richard, G. (2014). Warehouse Management. Kogan Page. Rothfuss, P. (2008). The Name of the Wind. DAW Books.

Applicatios of geometry free essay sample

Geometry was throughly organized in about 300 B. C, when the Greek mathematician, Euclid gathered what was known at the time; added original book of his ownand arranged 465 propositions into 13 books called Elements. Geometry is the mathematics of space and shape, which is the basis of all things that exist. Understanding geometry is necessary step by understanding how the things in our world exist. The applications of geometry in real life are not always evident to teenagers, but the reality is geometry infiltratesevery facet of our daily living. Geometry was recognized to be not just for mathematicians. Anyone can benefit from the basic learning of geometry, which is to follow the lines reasoning. Geometry is one of the oldest sciences and is corcerned with questions of shape, size and relative position of figures and with properties of space. Geometry is considered an important field pf study because of its applications in daily life. We will write a custom essay sample on Applicatios of geometry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Geometry is mainly divided in to two which is plane geometry and solid geometry. Plane geometry is about all kinds of two dimensional shapes such as lines, circles, and triangles. While Solid geometry is about all kinds of three dimensional shapes like polygons, prisms, pyramids, sphere and cylinder. Now, let’s move on its applications and role of it in our daily life. Role of geometry in the daily life is the foundation of physical mathematics. For example, a plane, a car, a house, a building anything with physical things is geometrically found. Geometry is mostly applied in archtechture. They used to apply geometry in houses, buildings, planes, etc. For instance, they used it to measure the angles, width, length, etc. to make it sure that it is steady and perfectly made well. Geometry is also applied in computer graphics and computer design. Geometric shapes are used to build images. In robotics , geometryis used to plan how to move objects without collision. You can also apply geometry in your hobbies. For instance, a goldfish tank water needs to have a certain volume as well as the surface area in order for the fish to thrive. Geometry can also be used in medical field. When a person has a CAT scan test for a brain tumor, geometry is used to show doctors the shape of the tumor.

Supply Chain Management Report Of Devondale Milk - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Supply Chain Management Report Of Devondale Milk. Answer: Introduction This report is the summary presentation of identifying underperformance of Devondale milk product which is one of the largest dairy milk food providers in Australia. They are also one the largest exporter of milk products. They deliver their products to food chains, consumers; restaurants and several other food corners (Christopher, 2016).They have number of farmers and suppliers associated with them for their daily production. However currently in 2016-17, the milk product of the Devondale is underperforming as per expected growth and the company has failed to raise expected profits. The supply chain management in Devondale milk product The supply chain management in Devondale milk product is not that complex to understand. The following are the main members of supply chain management in milk industry with their roles and responsibilities:- Roles Responsibilities:- Farmers: - The farmers are most important key members of dairy product supply chain as they grow healthy crops to feed to cow which in return provide quality milk to them. Milk transportation: - This milk produced by cows is transported to production units with the help of containers and trucks. Processing Packing: - The milk gathered in 2nd process is furthered processed for production and then finished milk product is packed for sending to distributors and warehouses. Distribution Sales: - The milk product is then transported to distributors on order based which is further sold to customers. This is the final process of supply chain in Devondale milk products. Evaluation of Supply Chain: The flowchart illustrated above indicates that the milk product is originally produced by the farmers (Monczka et al., 2015). This is moved through the specialized milk transportation that transfers the product to the processing and packaging centre after which it moves towards the final distribution and sales which enables the product to reach the final consumer. The supply chain of the Devondale milk products is very effective in nature (Stadtler, 2015). Everybody in the organization is performing its role really well keeping in view the market demand and company requirements. Challenges Opportunities: Strength: - The strength of supply chain of Devondale milk is highly commitment towards their work. All the departments are working with each other to provide best product to the consumers. Weakness/ barriers:- As the stated product is totally dependent on farmers and milk, so due to weather, seasonal changes, daily change in price of milk, poor handling of finished product, the production level of Devondale milk has decrease (Seuring, 2013). Easy available of alike product at lower cost could also be one of the major weakness of the said product. Opportunities: - Devondale product has played an important role in providing opportunities to so many classes of the society be it farmers, cattle feeder, transporters, labour class,marketing class (Ross,2015).Every working class mentioned above is directly involved in the making the product successful. Threats: -Following are the threats to Devondale milk product:- Increase in prices of milk. Alternate of milk product/similar other company product. Dependency on farmers and cows. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Largest milk product supplier Dependency on cows and farmers Effective local supply chain Fluctuation in daily prices Experienced logistic department. Change in weather OPPURTUNITIES THREATS Satisfied Customer base Competitive firms No. of products and flavours Perishable item Large capital resources Similar product Recommendations: Strength: - The traditional strength of milk product is that it is consumed almost every day by vast population of all age groups. So, the company should focus more on providing high quality milk product to its customers at lowest prices(Gerber Tempio,2013). It should focus on producing unique flavour, specialized product rather than jumping into all types of milk product. Weakness: - The major weakness of milk product can be poor hygiene in preparation of milk product or poor handling of finished product. (Kaipia Loikkan, 2013). To eradicate this weakness, the company should take care of all the resources related to handling and preparing of Devondale milk product(Monczka et al., 2015). The company should try to produce unique product to create monopoly of their product in the market. Opportunities: - Devondale milk has provided so many employment opportunities to so many people in Australia. Farmers, cattle feeders, transporters, small food chain retailers all are making money with sale of this milk product. Minimizing threats Few of the threats which can be included in this point are explained below:- Increase in milk prices: The Devondale product is very much affected due to this factor. The increase in input cost of milk has hampered the industry a lot. Dependency on farmers contracted cows: The Company should think of purchasing their own cattle and cows for their milk needs Alternate milk product: The Company should bring uniqueness in their product taste inorder to make sure that their product recipe is not copied by any other firm. (Kamal El Aal, 2013) Use of relevant supply chain theory: Supply chain theory is a continuous process of flow of goods and services from point of origin to end user includes all the processes like procurement of raw material, production, packing and sale of finished goods (Seuring, 2013). Evidence of research Definition Explanation along withMarketing Performance: The supply chain can be a great use in order to make marketing strategies (Stadtler, 2015). Data can be collected through mails, surveys, internet which can be used by the Board in making marketing strategy of the Devondale milk (Monczka et al., 2015). The supply chain performance is directly linked with the performance of an organization (Stadtler, 2015). Based on the data collected, the management can build future strategies for success of product. Conclusion The Devondale milk product is under performing due to its chemical properties and its nature as the processing time from origin of product to its consumption is very less and important. The weather of the region also effects the chemical composition of this product. The stiff competition in market also resulted in declining the sale of said product. The company should also think to advertise themselves using social media and other media platforms in order to reach more customers and wide areas. The company should focus on providing high quality product to consumers and bring new products in the market in order to survive. References Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Gerber, P.J., Steinfeld, H., Henderson, B., Mottet, A., Opio, C., Dijkman, J., Falcucci, A. and Tempio, G., 2013.Tackling climate change through livestock: a global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Kaipia, R., Dukovska-Popovska, I. and Loikkanen, L., 2013. Creating sustainable fresh food supply chains through waste reduction.International journal of physical distribution logistics management,43(3), pp.262-276. Kamal, R.M., Bayoumi, M.A. and El Aal, S.F.A., 2013. MRSA detection in raw milk, some dairy products and hands of dairy workers in Egypt, a mini-survey.Food Control,33(1), pp.49-53. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Ross, D.F., 2015.Distribution Planning and control: managing in the era of supply chain management. Springer. Seuring, S., 2013. A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), pp.1513-1520. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

When to Leave Your Writer . . . and What To Do Next - The Writers For Hire

WHEN TO LEAVE YOUR WRITER . . . AND WHAT TO DO NEXT Choosing the wrong ghostwriter can be a really miserable experience. Like most new relationships, you both entered into the project with the best intentions – hopes high for a happily ever after. The prize of the perfect manuscript seemed just months away, easily attainable with just a little elbow grease and a few hours of entertaining interviews. Now that the project is under way, though, you’re concerned. Perhaps you’ve received your first draft of your first chapter, and you see things you don’t like. Maybe you’re sensing that your writer doesn’t respond well to edits or might be a little careless about deadlines. By now you’ve invested time and money in the project. You’ve spent hours with this writer. You even kind of like them, and you don’t want to hurt their feelings. At the same time, though, you can’t simply stay quiet and hope for the best. Is this simply a bump in the road to a productive working relationship? Or should you cut ties now? Many of our clients come to us after a poor experience with a previous writer and nearly all of them had stories about early red flags; they’d all spent anxious hours wondering if they should stick with their writer or move on to someone new. In fact, we’ve heard stories like this so often that we thought a few tips on how to deal with bad ghostwriters might be worthwhile. Choosing the Right Ghostwriter Of course, the best way to avoid a bad ghostwriting relationship is through proper due diligence before you start. As with any industry, it’s hard to know how to conduct proper due diligence, when you aren’t 100% sure what to ask. Our best advice surprises many: Writing samples are likely not the most important piece of information to ask for. That’s right. Examples of a writer’s past work are often less informative than you might expect. Now, we aren’t saying not to look at samples, but it is important to understand the drawbacks of relying on samples as an evaluation method: Any samples you review are a reflection of what the prior author has asked for, so the manuscripts may not reflect was you would ask for. Samples provided could be heavily edited, by the prior author or the publisher, so you don’t know what the first draft actually looked like. Talented writers aren’t always talented ghostwriters. And yes, there is a difference: Your writer may dazzle you with an impressive portfolio of say, long-form magazine articles or books written under their own name but they may not have the flexibility and collaborative attitude necessary to write for someone else. Ask for Variety! While samples aren’t the most important thing to look at, they can provide you with a snapshot of your writer’s flexibility. Ask them to send you several samples that showcase different writing styles and cover a variety of different topics. The more variety in the samples, the more likely it is that your writer will be able to adapt to your preferences. So what do you look for? References, references, references – ask the references not only how they felt about quality of work, but how their ghostwriter dealt with edits and feedback. Availability. A lot of ghostwriters take on more than they can handle. Specifically ask how many hours they can give you per week. You want the answer to be at least 10 to 20, if you expect the book to be finished within a year.Expectations. Ask your writer what they expect from you during the relationship. Some writers expect you to do all the research; some writers want you to proofread; some writers will deal with publishing, others won’t. There are no right answers here, but you should be ok with their expectations or you are likely to be unhappy with the arrangement.Problem-solving. Ask about common challenges in a ghostwriter-author relationship, and how they deal with these. If they’ve never had any challenges, then they probably haven’t had enough clients.Personality, not salesmanship. Rememb er that ghostwriters are not necessarily natural salespeople, and you aren’t hiring them for their sales skills. So be careful if you feel like you are going with the firm that just has the best pitch (unless of course you are writing a book on sales, and then that’s probably exactly what you want). I Think I Chose Wrong. Now What? Let’s say you did your due diligence, and you felt confident about your choice of ghostwriter. But you still find yourself staring at your first draft with some level of anguish. What now? First, make sure you really can’t salvage the relationship. Remember, you chose your ghostwriter for a reason. You believed they could do this job – so if they’ve produced something that makes you doubt that, give them a chance to course correct. And make sure you are providing clear edits and feedback. The problem may be that they simply don’t understand what you’re asking for, not that they can’t provide it. Before you hit the â€Å"Fired!† button, it’s helpful to know how bad things really and if it’s possible (or even worth it) to try and fix them. Here are a few guidelines to help you figure out which issues are fixable, and which are showstoppers. Minor typos and factual errors Level of concern: Usually low Reason: Proofreading and fact checking is typically a last step in the book-writing process; a few small errors in a first draft is likely not a sign of a serious problem. Exception: If your document has so many typos and factual errors that it’s distracting, feels like the writer is being lazy, or you think they don’t understand basic grammar, you may have cause for concern. Suggested action: Nothing, unless the issues are drastic. If your draft is a real mess, express your concerns to your writer and ask if they can send just a few more pages of the next chapter before you make a final decision. Minor organizational issues (small) Level of concern: Medium to low Reason: Sometimes a writer gets too close to the subject matter, and glosses over a couple of thoughts or transitions that might make things clearer. The writing just doesn’t quite flow logically, and the ideas feel a bit scattered. If small edits will fix the issues, there is no need to panic. No one is perfect, and everyone needs an editor. Suggested action: Make your edits on your copy, send it back to the writer for reference. If edits were extensive, walk them through your edits verbally and see if their next chapter shows the same level of issues. Style mismatch Level of concern: Medium Reason: If you saw a variety of samples from your writer, chances are they can write in a different style. They just need clearer feedback and direction. Exception: If the draft is a stylistic mess, you can’t imagine anyone possibly liking it, nothing flows, and you aren’t even sure English is their native language, you likely have a much larger issue. Suggested action: Unless the draft is a disaster, explain you don’t like the style and you need a complete rewrite. Show them an example of what you like. Assuming your writer is versatile and open to criticism, you should see a big improvement on the next round. Major organizational issues (big) Level of concern: Medium to high Reason: The clear exchange of ideas is the core of good writing; if your writer can’t convey an idea in a logical manner, it’s possible they might not understand the subject, or they might not understand how you are communicating it. Suggested action: Get on the phone or meet in person to talk through specifically why the draft doesn’t make sense. Tell them you expecting a complete revamp. If they aren’t significantly closer in the next draft, it may be time to bail. You just dont like them Level of concern: High Reason: Maybe they’re passive aggressive about their edits, maybe they don’t do things they say they will, maybe they argue with you about everything. Maybe – through no fault of their own you just don’t like working with them. If your writer doesn’t know how to conduct business professionally, or they are just plain disagreeable, you have a pretty big problem. Suggested action: Give it a couple days – maybe their dog died. If you don’t see a big improvement, get out before you waste any more time. I Had to Leave My Writer. What Do I Do? If you decide that you do have to leave, what can you do to salvage the most work product and transition smoothly to a new writer? Ask for all recordings, transcripts, notes, outlines, anything at all they created during the preparation/planning stages of the project. Recordings of interviews are particularly useful, as they can be transcribed and can save your new writer quite a bit of time. Show any work product to the new writer, even if it’s unusable. It’s helpful to the new writer to understand what not to do (even if it’s obvious). Have a kick-off meeting with your new writer and be sure to thoroughly discuss any outlines, style choices, competitive niche, etc. Remember, if you have had to hire (and fire) your ghostwriter, you’ve learned a lot. Your next relationship is likely to be much more positive. We wish you the best of luck with your new writer, and we humbly remind you that we are never too proud to be your second choice.

PG Scope Case Study Essay Example

PG Scope Case Study Paper Scribd Upload a Document Search Documents Explore Hazie Jamaluddin / 3 Download this Document for Free Procter Gamble Inc: Scope Scope was introduced in 1967 by Procter Gamble, is a green mint tasting mouthwash,and was positions as a great tasting mouth refreshing brand that provided bad breathprotection. Scope held 32% share of the Canadian market for 1990. In 1970 Scope becamethe market leader in Canada, with many competitors, such as Listerine mouthwash that waslaunched by Warner Lambert in 1977 and it was a direct competitor to Scope, it had nearlythe same characteristics as Scope with a 12% of the market share during that time. But themajor competitor for Scope was Plax, a brand by Pfizer Inc, which was launched in Canadain 1988 on a platform quite different from the traditional mouthwashes, and gained a 10%share since launched. Plax detergents were supposed to help loosen plaque to makebrushing effective. Before the entry of Plax, brands in the mouth wash market werepositioned around two major benefits that are fresh breath and killing germs, whereas Plaxwas positioned around a new benefit as a plaque fighter and claims Plax removes up tothree times more plaque than just brushing alone. In studying the current situation and preparing for a strategic plan, Gwen Hearst reviewedthe available information and surveys for the mouthwash market and Scope showed that75% of Canadian household use 1 or more mouthwash brands. The company’s marketresearch revealed that users could be segmented to â€Å"heavy† users that comprised 40% of all users and to â€Å"medium† users that comprised 45% of all users and to light users thatcomprise 15%. The company also made a research on why consumers use mouthwash,and the results were: consumer’s basic hygiene, it gets rid of bad breath, it kills germs andmany other reasons. Also surveys were conducted of mouthwash user’s image of the major brands based on several attributes such as, reducing bad breath, killing germs, removingplaque and others. Plax achieved a strong image on removing plaques and healthier teethand gums, whereas scope scored a weaker image on those attributes. We will write a custom essay sample on PG Scope Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on PG Scope Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on PG Scope Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In analyzing theCanadian mouthwash market share the data showed that Scope had the highest marketshare among all brands, but there was a big difference in the share held by Scope in foodstores 42%, versus drug stores 27%. Competitive data were also collected for advertisingexpenditures, and the results were that most of the advertising expenditures were of Scope,Listerine and Plax accounting for 90% of all advertising. As for the retail prices, bothListerine and Plax had the highest prices among other brands in food stores, whereasScope, Listerine and Listermint had the highest prices in drug stores. And in comparingScope market share between Canada and USA, the results showed that Scope in Canadatakes 33% of the market share, while USA Scope’s market share was 21. 6% that came after Listerine, where Listerine held 28% of the mouth wash market share in America. After the introduction of Plax by Pfizer Inc whereby PG were loosing market share, andafter studying the current situation and making several surveys and market researches,Hearst challenge was to the 1 st problem which is to develop strategy that ensures the ontinued profitability of Scope in face of competitive threats and especially by Plax thatgained 10% share of the product category. So her specific task was to prepare a marketingplan for PG mouthwash business for the next 3 years. The 2 nd problem is how will PGmaintain their profit and make sure that the Scope brand is always the first mouthwashproduct ranking among consumers? The mouthwash market is changing everyday with theemergence of new products and prod uct features. As a result, PG wants their Scopebrand to be the first choice among consumers. In the case of product development, PDD has demonstrated that Scope reduced plaquebetter than brushing alone because of the antibacterial ingredients in it. So the (ProductDevelopment) PDD has recently developed a new pre-brushing rinse product that performedas well as Plax but didn’t work any better than Plax in removing plaque. The key benefit of this recently launched product is that it tastes better than Plax. However, PDD’s preferencewas to not launch a new product, but instead to add plaque reduction claims to Scope. Since the basic argument was that it is better to protect the business that PG was alreadyin, than to launch a completely new entry. As for the case of sales, the sales people hadnoticed that Plax sales were increasing in the market place, and believed Scope shouldrespond quickly, so they suggested that a brand must be unique and different enough fromthe competitors in order to be listed in the store shelves, or otherwise the category salesvolume would spread over more units. Market researchers suggested that Hearst look at other benefits or alternatives beyond justa â€Å"plaque reassurance on scope† or a â€Å"a better tasting pre-brushing rinse† Whereas thepoint of view from finance, on one hand Plax had a high price so a new rinse might be aprofitable option, on the other hand they were concerned about the capital and marketingcosts which would increase. The purchasing manager estimated that the cost of the newingredients of a line extension would increase by $ 2. 55 and the packaging would cost$0. 30. As for the advertising agency it favoured a line extension, since adding any new claimfor scope is a huge strategic shift for the brand that would confuse the consumer anddecrease the market share, because relating 2 different ideas is very difficult (breathrefreshment good tasting) (removes plaque). Hearst and the business team have two options, on one hand a line extension or newproduct positioned against Plax could be introduced into the market and in the other handdoing nothing and just looking at claims other than â€Å"breath† instead of adding a new product. Launching a new product â€Å"new pre-brushing rinse† would cannibalize a part of Scopesales, also the delivery, marketing and capital costs of PG will increase if a new rinse waslaunched and the user of Scope would be confused since he/she saw in the old scope abreath refreshment, taking into consideration that the new rinse is not any better than Plax in reducing plaque, but at the same time it may increase the market share of PG andincrease its profit. Whereas adding a new claim for Scope ould not increase the volumeof sales, but it could prevent current users of Scope to switch and it would stabilize thebusiness, and even though the advertising agency thinks that it’s hard to relate two differentclaims, it should try to relate them in order to make an effective advertising that includesboth â€Å"breath† and â€Å"plaque† claims. Since adding plaque reduction to breathe refreshmentand good tasting is an additional benefit that the scope consumer can be nefit from and itmay attract the potential users that scope aim at. Also PG has to collect more informationto see what the consumer needs and improve it within the same product; especially that it isbased on a philosophy of satisfying the customer needs. Scope was positioned around twobenefits that are refreshing breath and good tasting, and it should stick to this position withother additional claims or benefits if it can, so it should not launch a new product thatconfuses the customers but stick to this position that it has in the market place and that isconsidered to be its competitive advantage. It’s better to protect the business that PG isalready in for many years and just add a plaque claim, than launching a completely newentry that is not secured. Questions: 1)How will PG develop a strategy that will ensure the continued profitability of Scopedespite competition? 2) Should PG take risk of introducing the completely new product for 3 years plan? Discuss the advantage and risk involved. 3)

The russia environment.

The russia environment. IntroductionOver the past year the subject of WTO accession has become one of the hottest foreign policy issues in Russia. It is clear from Russia's long history, the size of its internal market, and its importance in the shaping of world politics that the process of Russian economic reform will have wide-ranging political and social implications.Now Russia is going to become one of the members of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It not only gives lots of advantages to the Russian company, but also some negative problem. After joining the WTO, there will be lots of foreign investment in Russia. Whether it's environment suitable for foreign investors? In this article, I will analyse the economic, political and culture environment in Russia.Economic environmentRussia has made great progress in achieving macro-economic stabilisation and is currently pursuing a successful transition to a market economy.IncomeThrough out twenty years of development, the Russian income level has increas ed constantly.RussiaWe can conclude this by the GDP and GNP. .Over the last few years, the annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth 6% in Russia.Moreover, we can see at the figure of Gross National Product (GNP), which was 8,660 US dollars, rank 79 in the world. Here, we should notice that in 2001 the GDP went up 5.1 percent, which is one of the best figures in the world. Furthermore, Russia's GDP grew 4.2% 2002 and GNP grew by approximately 4% in the first half of 2002. Rapid Russian real GDP and GNP growth both has benefited from rapid rise of net exports and domestic demand.On the other hand, according to a forecast released by the Russian Economic Development and Trade Ministry, growth of real incomes reduced the share of the population below the subsistence level to 33% in...

The History and Fact About the Mousetrap

The History and Fact About the Mousetrap A  mousetrap  is a type of  animal trap  designed primarily to catch  mice; however, it may also, accidentally or not, trap other small animals. Mousetraps are usually set somewhere indoors where there is a suspected infestation of  rodents. The trap that is credited as the first patented lethal mousetrap was a set of spring-loaded, cast-iron jaws dubbed Royal No. 1.  It was patented on November 4, 1879, by James M. Keep of New York.  From the patent description, it is clear that this is not the  first  mousetrap of this type, but the patent is for this simplified, easy-to-manufacture, design. It is the industrial age development of the  deadfall trap, but relying on the force of a wound spring rather than gravity. The jaws of this type are operated by a coiled spring and the triggering mechanism is between the jaws, where the bait is held. The  trip  snaps the jaws shut, killing the rodent. Lightweight traps of this style are now constructed from plastic. These traps do not have a powerful snap like other types. They are safer for the fingers of the person setting them than other lethal traps and can be set with the press on a tab by a single finger or even by foot. James Henry Atkinson The classic spring-loaded mousetrap was first patented by William C. Hooker of  Abingdon, Illinois, who received a patent for his design in 1894.  A British inventor,  James Henry Atkinson, patented a similar trap called the Little Nipper in 1898, including variations that had a weight-activated treadle as the trip The Little Nipper is the classic snapping mousetrap that we are all familiar with that has the small flat wooden base, the spring trap, and the wire fastenings.  Cheese may be placed on the trip as  bait, but other foods such as oats, chocolate, bread, meat, butter, and peanut butter are more commonly used.   The Little Nipper slams shut in 38,000th of a second and that record has never been beaten. This is the design that has prevailed until today. This mousetrap has captured a 60 percent share of the British mousetrap market alone, and an estimated equal share of the international market. James Atkinson sold his mousetrap patent in 1913 for 1,000 pounds to Procter, the company that has been manufacturing the Little Nipper ever since, and has even built a 150-exhibit mousetrap museum in their factory headquarters. American John Mast of Lititz, Pennsylvania, received a patent on his similar snap-trap mousetrap in 1899. Humane Mousetraps Austin Kness had an idea for a better mousetrap back in the 1920s. The Kness Ketch-All Multiple Catch mousetrap doesnt use bait. It catches mice alive and can catch several before it needs to be reset. Mousetraps Galore Did you know that the Patent Office has issued more than 4,400 mousetrap patents; however, only about 20 of those patents have made any money? Catch a few of the different designs for mousetraps in our mousetrap gallery.

Dual Enrollment in High School and College

Dual Enrollment in High School and College The term dual enrolled simply refers to enrolling in two programs at once. This term is often used to describe programs designed for high school students. In these programs, students can begin working on a college degree while still enrolled in high school. Dual enrollment programs can vary from state to state. The names may include titles such as dual credit, concurrent enrollment, and joint enrollment.   In most cases, high school students in good academic standing have the opportunity to take college courses at a local college, technical college, or university. Students work with their high school guidance counselors to determine eligibility and decide which courses are right for them. Typically, students must meet eligibility requirements to enroll in a college program, and those requirements may include SAT or ACT scores. Specific requirements will vary, just as entry requirements vary among universities and technical colleges. There are advantages and disadvantages to enrolling in a program like this. Advantages to Dual Enrollment You can get a jump start on your college plans. By earning college credit while still in high school, you may be able to reduce the time and money youll spend in college.In many cases, a portion of the dual college/high school course tuition is paid for by the state or the local school board.The dual enrollment courses are sometimes offered right in your high school. This enables students to become familiar with the workload of a college course in the comfort of a familiar setting.Some colleges offer dual enrollment via the Internet. Disadvantages to Dual Enrollment It is important to look into the hidden costs and risks you may face once youve entered a dual enrollment program. Here are a few reasons why you should proceed with caution: Students may receive a textbook allowance, but others may have to pay for any textbooks. The cost of college books can be daunting. For instance, a college-level science book can cost more than one hundred dollars. You may want to research the cost of textbooks before you sign up for a specific course.If college courses are offered only on the actual college campus, the student will be responsible for travel to and from the campus. Consider the cost of transportation. You have to factor travel time into your time management considerations. Your tests can be more challenging, and you may suddenly have less time to study for them!College courses are rigorous, and students can get in over their heads sometimes. College professors expect increased maturity and responsibility from their students. Be prepared! By signing up for college courses before you’re ready, you may end up with poor grades- and those will stay on your college record forever.  Bad grades can wreck your colleg e plans. After you sign up for a college course and you start to feel like youre slipping behind, there are only two ways out: withdraw from the course or finish the course with a grade. Remember that your ultimate dream college will see both of these when you apply. Failing grades can make you ineligible for your dream college. Withdrawing from a course could make you ineligible to graduate from high school on time! Many college scholarships are designed for freshmen. If you take too many college courses while youre in high school, you could make yourself ineligible for some scholarships.Whenever you sign up for college credit courses, you are officially beginning your college career. That means you will establish an official record wherever you take courses, and you will have to provide college transcripts of those courses whenever you enter a new college- for the rest of your life. Whenever you change colleges, you will need to provide transcripts to a new college. If youre interested in a program like this, you should meet with your high school guidance counselor to discuss your career goals.

Sylvester Stallone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sylvester Stallone - Essay Example His mother, Jackie Stallone, was of two origins. She was half-Russian and half French. He has a younger brother, Frank Stallone and both were both named after their paternal grandfather. Since his baptism, he has been a Catholic. During his childhood, he suffered a lot from his parents’ hostility. His parents were so hostile that their relationship ended in a divorce in 1957. This led to Sylvester moving to Philadelphia with his mother and a foster father. Due to environmental and social changes, Sylvester suffered academic and emotional changes. He became very troubled in school and this led to his expulsion in most of the schools that he joined. His mother enrolled him to a special high school for the troubled and mischievous youth. While at Philadelphia, he spent most of his time at foster care but this changed after joining Devereaux High School where he joined the gym class and started lifting weights (Sanford, Carl and Howard 15). After his graduation, he won an athletic scholarship program at an American College located in Switzerland. He became a coach of a girls’ athletic club and after a short time gained interest in drama. He starred in of the school productions in the college. This motivated him to join the world of drama and he could not wait to go back to the United States of America where he joined the University of Miami and studied drama. It is in 1969 when he decided to pursue his dream in drama and acting. He went back to New York where he had to work in different low paying workplaces to make ends meet. He became an usher at a New York theatre and worked part time jobs at the Central Park Zoo. He made his first appearance in the film industry after acting a soft-core porn film by the name ‘A party at kitty studs’. He frequently auditioned and soon became famous in the industry due to his role as a tough person in most films paralyzed (Sanford, Carl and Howard 12). However, the industry became more competitive and h e became discouraged after being turned down for the film ‘The Godfather’ in 1971. This led to Sylvester turning his attention to writing screenplays and it bore fruit in 1973 after he starred in the movie Rebel. Sylvester’s first major role in the film industry was in 1976 after he wrote the movie’s script. A fight between Chuck Wepner and Muhammad Ali form, which he wrote the script, had motivated him (Dunn). He wanted to play the role himself and after a long struggle with producers Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler, he was assigned the role. The film became very successful and was nominated for best actor and best original screenplay at the Academy Awards. Stallone earned lots of profits from this film. In 1982, he had the role of writing and directing Rocky II that became a major success after grossing over $200 million. This became the turning point for his career in the film industry. All the films he directed from this point on gained lots of money irrespective of the presence of critics to his films (Celebrity Net Worth). These films include Rambo, The specialist, Cash, Tango, Cobra, Demolition Man among others (Stallone 15). The new millennium did not pose a good start to Sylvester’s career since the movies that he stared in or produced did not sell as expected. However, a re-production of Rambo in 2008 and later The Expendables made him rise in chats at the film

Discussion Topic on Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Topic on Technology - Essay Example Over the years, state legislators, district leaders and school administrators face difficulties in ensuring the students use technology in a proper manner. The need to put restrictions on the use of technology by underage children is necessary because of the adult nature of some of the content made easily available by the different types of technology (Cheves, 2012). Lewis refers to the use of the internet. Many sectors especially the education sector continues to improve because of the internet. The internet makes information available to everyone using it providing people physically separated with the opportunity to communicate with ease. Despite this, many students continue to fall prey to the unrestricted streaming of adult content through the internet. Cyber bullying is also an emerging trend affecting young children of which sometimes proves fatal, whereby, children end up committing suicide (Week, 2011). In conclusion, technology use has both endless advantages and disadvantages to the education system. Besides the internet, other forms of technology continue to benefit the education sector, for example, cell phones, televisions among other things. In addition, just like the internet, they also present challenges to the education sector. Despite this, technology still plays an integral part in the education sector (Week, 2011). Cheves, D. A. (2012, May 10). Should High-Stakes Tests Drive the Curriculum? A Perspective from Michigan. Retrieved from National Council of Teachers of Mathematics:

Analyse and access the blackboard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analyse and access the blackboard - Essay Example Currently in your Blackboard courses, you need to remove the existing file and re-upload the new version of the file. With the Blackboard Content System, you will no longer need to upload the same file to several different sections you would simply link from your course to the file in the Content System. This way if you modify, for example, the syllabus file in the Content System, the updates in the file can be reflected automatically in all the courses without having to go into each course and modify each file. Throughout this guide, you find a set of "Why Bother" ideas for Blackboard usage. So, below we've compiled a list of ideas from the broad spectrum of uses to get you thinking of why you would use Blackboard in your course: This is an exploratory study that aims to understand the current implementation of University Blackboard. Based on evaluation, it indicates that the general visibility of this study is guaranteed. The results of this study give students and faculty members more understanding of how Westminster University applies the standard student-faculty services online with the use of tools via the internet according to the website design standards. Furthermore, enhancement and personalising the University Blackboard can be adapted to suite and blend with the general there of the University website. Security is still a concern. Giving access to students should be monitored momentarily to avoid identity theft among students. References Wikipedia. (November 2006). Blackboard Inc. Retrieved November 7, 2006,

English - Answer questions from 3 Articles Article

English - Answer questions from 3 Articles - Article Example es how the onus must be on developed countries to take the lead in combating rampant over-consumption, because it is these countries that are over-consuming. Furthermore, these practices of overconsumption create problems in developing countries – climate change, for instance, has a global impact despite being caused almost entirely by developed countries. 2. The most significant impact the article â€Å"The Last Empire† by Jacques Leslie is the inherent idea that the current world order expects so-called â€Å"developing† countries to never truly develop, and if they did the quality of life in so-called â€Å"developed† countries would drop perceptibly – meaning that not only do industrialized nations have an incredible incentive to keep developing countries down, they can actually only afford their quality of life on the backs of developing countries. China is one of the few countries, along with Brazil and India, to truly have â€Å"developed† in the past thirty years – with its economy, and consumption, skyrocketing. This increased consumption has led to vast increases in commodity prices, as more and more food, for instance, had to be imported from abroad (Leslie). Now, if China’s economy improving alone could do that, imagine how drastic the increase in commodity prices, and thus decrease in standard of living, would be caused by the rest of the â€Å"developing† world improving. 3. The main point of â€Å"Rethinking the Meat Guzzler† by Mark Bittman is that the cost of raising meat for consumption is absurdly high, and is increasing at an exponential rate. But by far the most significant aspect of his argument is that the raising of livestock puts a great deal of pressure on grain and energy production, meaning in essence meat, and meat eaters are taking resources away from people who need them. According to Bittman, â€Å"nearly 30 percent of the earth’s ice-free land is directly or indirectly involved with livestock production† – and

Equity and Trusts (England and Wales) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Equity and Trusts (England and Wales) - Essay Example d her children in equal shares. Thus there can be no doubt that Sir Clarence intended to create a trust out of the transfer of the property/gifts to Tilda. In order to give effect to Sir Clarence’s intention to create a trust, certainty of subject and object must be satisfactorily established.4 In this regard, certainty of subject matter is sufficiently established if the property transferred or to be transferred to the trust can be identified and administratively workable.5 The sum of money transferred to Tilda to administer is specific and certainly capable of division and is thus identifiable and readily administrable. Since the seaside property was transferred to Tilda, the seaside cottage is likewise identifiable and administrable. Certainty of objects is established if the words used to describe the beneficiaries are sufficient for the courts or the trustees to identify and administer the trust among specific beneficiaries or a class of beneficiaries.6 In a discretionary trusts, the trustees need only be able to identify by virtue of an in or out test, who the beneficiaries are. However with a fixed trust, as this particular trust appears to be, the trustees must be in a position to draw up a complete list of all of the beneficiaries.7 Even so the in or out test will be effective for determining who Davina’s children are. It is also possible to draw up a complete list of the beneficiaries. Therefore whether or not the trust is discretionary or a fixed trust, certainty of objects can be established. Tilda, who is Sir Clarence’s friend should certainly be able to identify Davina and her children. Likewise the courts can easily identify who Davina’s children are as births are a matter of public record. Thus far it has been established that the three certainties have been satisfied in the gifts to Davina and her children. However, the disposition of the freehold in the cottage to Tilda upon trust for Davina and her children cannot be enforced unless it meets the formal requirements for the disposition of an equitable interests in land pursuant to Section 53(1)(c) of the Law of Property Act, 1925. Section 53(1)(c) of the Law of Property Act 1925 provides that the disposition of an equitable interests in land must be evidenced in writing.8 It therefore follows that while the gift of 200,000 pounds forms the subject of a valid trust, the seaside cottage does not since it does not meet the requirements of Section 53(1)(c) of the Law of Property Act, 1925. Therefore the principle of resulting trusts is relevant. A resulting trust will arise to essentially transfer the property back to Sir Clarence. This is possible because the resulting trust functions to give effect to that which is conscionable.9 In particular a resulting trust will arise when both the trustee and the settlor agreed and know that the settlor never intended to transfer the property to the trustee absolutely or the trustee treats the property in a way that does not correspond with the settlor’

Form and Structure Essay Example for Free

Form and Structure Essay As an AS drama group, we carried out certain exercises on narrative structure, to identify ourselves with that used in the play. For instance, we each acted out a scene, illustrating an everyday activity such as waking and getting up. We then narrated these scenes first in the first person narrative, then in the third. This enabled us to identify with how Brecht wished his actors to perform, as by narrating our own actions in the third person narrative, we were detaching ourselves from the parts we were playing, and so were not thinking emotionally what should this character think and feel now, but rather thought, how should this character appear. This also enabled us to understand how the process of taking photographs of scenes and trying to identify what was occurring within that scene, helped Brecht decide if his actors were performing correctly. The Verfremdungseffekte were designed to expose the familiar; Brechts actors were to present things in their concrete reality so that the audience would be encouraged to think about what had given rise to situation depicted, in this case Hitlers, or Uis rise to power, and therefore consider ways to change those conditions in the future. * The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui is divided into 15 scenes, some of which are subdivided into several sections identified by letters. These 15 scenes are then divided almost equally into 2 acts. This symmetry gives the play a degree of continuity, enabling it to flow smoothly. Scene 8 displays a structure unique from that of other scenes throughout the play. It is the scene in which the innocent fish is on trial for potentially burning down Hooks warehouse. He is being tried before a corrupt judge caused by the manipulation of the judicial system by Ui and his underlings. This scene is divided into seven parts, a to g. Each of these parts is shorter in length than that preceding it, hence quickening the pace of the play and building tension within the scene. The shortening sections also highlight Fishs plunge into a prison sentence, that which he is undeserving of.

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) Plan for Skoda

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) Plan for Skoda The purpose of this report is to implement power integrated marketing communication plan for Skoda; automotive company. The outcome of this plan is to establish an impressive and desire challenger brand in order to compete with category big fish automotive brands in Australia. Skoda is encountering a big challenge from its marketing communication although company is gradually establishing itself known to automotive consumers, but it seemed difficult to reach their goal, since companys history and reputation were not accepted by Australian consumers. As a consequence of company necessary to break with the immediate past and reposition itself. By changing consumer perception of Skoda from the brand that lack of history and weak reputation to become the brand that everybody wants. As a result, single key thought which is VALUE will be used as platform of all marketing communication strategies and tactics in order to become a big fish in the automotive category in Australia This integrated communication plan will outline many aspects pertaining to firstly; the communication plan will focus on the overall of Australia automotive and identify companys position and problem. Second part will provide the solution of Skodas marketing communication plan based on Morgans eight credos by utilizing it through all power communication channels such as Public Relation, Advertising, Internet marketing and Sponsorship. Lastly, this plan also presents a communication brief of each party such as PR agency and Advertising agency. Part 1: Background InformationCompany Background Skoda is the one of car manufactures in the world with its strong engineer and production for more than century. The company first was established in 1895 in Czech Republic. Later on, the Czech brand was searching for well-known partner. As a result of in 1991, Volkswagen was chosen since VW is the largest automotive manufacturer in. However, 30% of Skodas equity was owned by Volkswagen group in Germany. Ten years later, Skoda was completely taken over by Volkswagen. Company was introduced in Australia in 2007and keep growing up to develop new ideas for simply clever driving with proudly of innovation and design. Overview of the Australian motor vehicle market The Australian automotive market is extremely competitive, with more than 60 models of many car brands available for purchase. The new record for this industry was reported that in 2007 the number of new vehicle sales were 1,049,982 units which have been increase about 9.1% from 2006. Furthermore, there was an increasing of all types of vehicle; however the increasing trend of small/city car took the highest in the market growth as detailed in the figure 1 below. Source: Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, 2008. As a result of company aims to introduce the newly product, with full performance of diesel engines into city type which called SKODA MANIA Source: Australian automotive intelligence, 2010 From figure 2 above, the market leader in selling is Toyota, the brand has been in the first rank for 7 years followed by Ford and Holden. In addition, there was a significant strong position of Japanese brand in the Australian market whereas the strongest European brand was Volkswagen which has been strengthened its sales in Australian market for 10 years. As previous information, it provides opportunity to Skoda to introduce a new product and leverage its competitors as the newly European brand in the market. Consequently, Skoda needs to create strong brand reputation; moreover, the communication needs to concentrate on the most powerful key though VALUE into prospects mind. Key issues From figure 3 below, illustrate the latest research reported total market shares of competitive vehicle brands in Australia, the majority percentage of share market contributed to Toyota with 21% of proportion same as other brand name which combined various non-dominant brands. So in order to compete the market share of the big fish in this category, the new European brand like Skoda has to introduce new image of itself settle in a position as European brand that provide value and performance could comparable with Japanese brands. In order to launch a new brand product SKODA MANIA and generate the influential communication plan, it is required to identify communication challenges as following points: Brand has weak reputation in Australians mind since it was taken by Volkswagen, Skoda need to build brand preference and persuade a target audience to consider its product attributes by building its reputation as a long-established and trusted name in the market. Automotive product category need high involvement in purchasing decision, the communication concepts need to focus on visual and emotional appeals to create value for money in consumers decision. There is a shift in consumer preferences due to the demand of consumers on type of car has been significant changed from large passenger cars to smaller with lower fuel consumption cars, thus the effective communication will provide value proposition for the Skoda brand to launch city full performance car . As a result of Skoda needs to position itself as a challenger brand and break with its immediate past from the brand no one knows to become the desire brand. Furthermore, our Czech brand has to drive itself to become a leader in automotive category in Australia market which requires an effective and pioneer the comprehensive integrated marketing communication plan. So it could be done by follow the process of The Eight Marketing Credos by Adam Morgan. The big fish main competitor The big fish in the automotive of Australian market is Toyota, as a major competitor of challenger brand like Skoda. With a dominant position in Australian car market since companys market share achieved around 21 percent in 2009 and retained the number one status in selling products than any other single brand in the country. More than 50 years in Australia, Toyota has grown to be one of Australias leading automotive companies with the total sales revenue $7.982 billion in the end of 2009 Toyota.com, 2010. Toyota has a strong key element to support its brand positioning such as being an innovative brand that implement the most advanced environmental technologies and enrich society through car making. Forrester Research, 2006. The Japanese brand sale several of product types which are passenger car, 4WDSUV, commercial and hybrid with offering more than 15 marques. In 2009, the company spent more than $ 65 million on adverting; the report was covered advertisements in all areas of media such as television, radio, newspapers and online search and classifieds Stafford, 2010. Part 2: Communication Plan Why marketing communication plan is important to Skoda? The marketing communication has a significant function for Skoda plan since we need to manage the concept and make all aspects of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing work together as a integrated force Lake, 2009. Furthermore, it is general argue that the branding is related to get companies target audience to select their brand over the highly competition, but it is about capture the prospects to recognize their brand as the only one in their mind and perception that could deliver them the best solution to their problem. However, to succeed in doing that, we must to realized and understand the needs and wants of our customers and prospects. As a consequence of integrate marketing communication is very important to our branding, advertising and marketing strategies in all attribute areas of public contact. Brand like Skoda has not instituted a strong historical brand in the market, consequently; company has to invest in communications due to the fact that Skoda needs to formulate prospects to aware its product and emphasis on its key though VALUE by communicating through functional and emotional of its product attribute to ensure that its advantage could leverage the big fish in automotive industry Millier, 2010. In addition, developing communications strategies could provide companys knowledge and help Skoda understand its markets effectively. So Skoda needs a large investment in communication plan. There are various benefit that company will derive from invest in communications and develop marketing strategy as following figure 4 below The communication plan will enhance company in four major areas; sale growth, price premium, brand loyalty and fast penetrate into the market which increasing in the marketing communication budget will maximize shareholder value as well as the long-run profitability. Budget Allocation According to increase of marketing communication spending, Skoda needs to maximize profit and shareholder value for brand. Since, the company will be positioned itself for the city car segment with expecting that these advertising spending will enhance shareholder value and the company profile margin sustainably. Therefore, to allocate the budgets on media that communicate to all areas of the community, Skoda total marketing communication budget will spend up to $AUD 8 million within period 5 months. Skoda will process the plan with various agencies and other media house to response for this campaign communication to facilitate company from the inception stage; build an unknown brand and overcome the risk factors from enter to mid car segment. The challenger strategic approach: a four stage process Stage 1 Attitude and Preparation Credo1: Breaking with Immediate Past The core problem of challenger brands is not provide new and unique idea into the consumers, it depend on how they can remove the conventional idea from the past. Consumers perception is same as a room with full of old furniture. Therefore, before we move a new one into that space, we need to delete the old furniture from the room first. Skoda has to realise about the concept of breaking with the immediate past in order to see real challengers and possibilities in the new market. Formerly, company has weak reputation on the market as a consequence of the challenger brand as Skoda need to consciously break with its own immediately past by reinventing brand history as key issue from an unknown brand to become desire brand in Australian market. Furthermore, its a bright opportunity for the brand to introduce new product SKODA MANIA, the city car with powerful diesel engine into the market by providing the new concept of The true VALUE of powerful diesel car and bringing other inspiration from another category into its product. This brand new opportunity enables company to step back and make upstream question and refine a new product. To define the challenge, we want to compete with the market leader and we want to make the different. It is vital role for the company to make its brand stand out in the competition by opposition its product attribute and create a new category on powerful diesel car against the Big fish like Toyota hybrid. However, Skoda clearly identify itself to be different from the category, Skoda has to battle within the same areas of brand leader by trying to win the number one market share of automotive market. Stage 2 Challenger Strategy Credo 2 : Building a Lighthouse Identity The critical role in marketing strategy is we have to state that who we are. Skoda has to develop clear stage in what its brand stand for which is the desire brand of powerful diesel car by creating its own values through key thought The true value of powerful diesel car. In order to become desire brand, company does not only position itself as the brand that everybody wants but its also want to position itself as a impressive value perspective as a good sign of how Skoda is going to play. Another aspect of brand challenger as Skoda has to consider is tried to build emotional attachment based on point of view with consumer. Not only the brand has to determine what are the key features that want to communicate, but Skoda also has to build its prominent identity the desire brand of powerful diesel car to let consumer engage and affiliate with brand. Credo 3 : Assume Thought Leadership Of The Category Now Skoda brand does not be the leader in the Australian automotive market but there is another opportunity for Skoda thought as the leadership in the brand category. To create a long term goals that makes everyone talk about its brand, Skoda had clarified itself different from competitors as the desire brand of powerful diesel car and make great reason which is impressive value perspectives why consumer must select its brand. In accordance to communicate the massive impact of brand identity and positioning, Skoda could achieve by breaking of key conventions in the category. In this kind of situation, Skoda chooses to break the conventions of neighborhood and network. By selecting BP gas station as a brand partner since Skoda quite new comer in the Australian market, company needs to enhance brand positioning by being partner with worldwide fuel brand that provide reliability and trustworthiness products to the market like BP. Moreover, to encompass a wide range of its communication marketing activities such as provide special promotion when consumers purchase SKODA MANIA they will get petrol coupon to use at BP for free. Combining the strength of BP brand helps company gains more trust, build consumer acceptance and brand preference that create impactful reason why they have to choose you. Additionally, Skoda will break the convention of media in promoting of its brand new product. Company use website as a platform to integrate of all communication channel. Although Skoda has invested a high budget into advertising and PR, the company will benefit from the low cost of operating from using the digital media to communicate with its target. All communication channels will provide Skoda website www.skoda.com.au in order to convince prospect to find more information at there. Furthermore, valuable thing from utilize internet channel is time, since consumers could find and get precise all products details from online store that opening 24/7. Using of free social media such as Facebook or Twitter will help company reach the right target easily since this kind of free media become a part of everybodys life and most of working people also associate with them. Credo 4 : Create Symbol of Reevaluation To create our symbol of re-evaluation, the key concern is not budgeting but it is about Skoda needs to recognize what the dominant customer complacency is and show how they can see its brand. In order to achieve this key complacency, the brand has to stimulate actions that make consumers rethink about Skoda and recognize the symbol to what the brand want to communicate. Skoda seemed to be unbranded as first introduce to the market this chance will help company to change consumer perception towards the brand from little or no image to be the brand preference / desire brand that make consumer perceive to its brand values. PR agency will create viral as unbranded first by placing its car with full of money fake in the high traffic areas, let people curious what is about and why this car has a lot of money. The company will reveal the reason why its car must filled with money which is value of saving from diesel engine that make the owner of SKODA MANIA has a lot of money. Also use the other media to emphasis its key thought and brand concept which is The true value of powerful diesel car. Stage 3 Challenger Behavior Credo 5 : Sacrifice To be successful challenger brand does not necessary to have a perfect marketing strategy. In order to get number one of brand leader sometimes the sacrifice has to be taken. First is Skoda has to sacrifice in the target market by focusing on male and working people on the other hand, Skoda has to give up female as a main target in order to establish relationship with the core target. Due to its product performance match with working men who choose the quality and performance of product as first criteria, this beneficial enable company to sale the product and build closely relationship to its target easily. Sacrifice on pricing strategy would be another thing which company has taken into account. To facilitate new product launch in this country, Skoda has to realize on its key though VALUE by giving consumer value for money in purchasing its product. Consumers perception towards diesel car is save thus company need to sacrifice the premium price in order to capture consumer attention and create the brand considerable. Credo 6: Overcommitment To be the brand challenger does not mean to do just enough for achieving the key success. Alternatively, if all members in Skoda whether top managements or employees work together and dedicate themselves to make consumers perceive brand differentiate, Skoda will be accomplished and become desire brand. Since Skoda has determine its goal to be the brand leader in the market and compete share of mind in consumers, as a result of motivation of its staff to reach overcommitment is the critical concept that Skoda should state in its mind. All Skoda members do not only overcommitment to provide the impressive value product to the market and but also attempt to focus on implementing the key thought and brand concept to be consistent in order to achieve the company goals. Credo 7: Use Advertising and Publicity as a High-Leverage Asset For the challenger brand, only clear communication is not enough, capturing the targets imagination and mind must be objective Morgan, 2009. To introduce brand into new market, roles of advertising and PR must be noticed. Both of effective tools characterize an enormous opportunity to Skoda to accomplish position in the new market since Skoda needs to attend the consumers mind and get them to spread its word. As a consequence, Skoda has been identified what the brand want to say and create the precise message to be communicated with specify the period of time, location and required task. Skoda debut its brand via PR tools is such a dominant strategy because once consumers did not know anything about its brand and new product. In order to gain the brand credibility, company needs to leverage competitors by using PR as credible source to make the brand more acceptances in the new market. Skoda has to build its position through various PR campaign such as word of mouth, special event and the group of influencers such as mavens and connectors and salesman. Advertising will be another channel that Skoda uses to convince consumers to make the decision in purchasing our product. The persuasive ads will be utilized to persuade consumer mind to use Skoda MANIA with emotional appeals of advertising techniques that company try to engage upon emotions of its audience. Moreover, key though of the brand must be highlighted through all communication messages to encourage audience perception towards its brand values. Stage 4 Sustaining challenger Momentum Become Idea-Centered, Not Consumer-Centered The brand challengers have to realize that the new ideas need to be employed in order to maintain in their momentum. Instead of changing core identity, Skoda has to refresh and make the core idea to be differentiated. As a consequence of the failure in its momentum in the market, the brand needs to sustain consumer perception and keep building relationship with consumers. To achieved this kind of challengers, Skoda has to deploy ideas-centered not consumer-centered by continuing generate product beyond customers satisfaction and product improvement. On the top of that, Skoda do not change its communication strategy, the challenge brand like Skoda tend to find more opportunity to deliver its brand value through the creative ideas and communication tools such as ambient and concept of car customization. Part 3: Marketing Communication Roles In order to generate the marketing communication program and make it strong and true, we need to employ the concept of six honest serving men of Rudyard Kipling which help we formulate the successful brief and avoid weak briefing that can stimulate and deliver the weak messages. What : The aim of this communication plan To build awareness of Skoda brand and capture consumers attention by shifting from no one know to desire brand To launch new Skoda car into Australian market with full performance of diesel engines into city type which called SKODA MANIA To stimulate the sale in order to compete market share of automotive car in Australian market Establishing of key thought VALUE to this plan , paveing the way to engage all communication tools within single focus that helps promote the effective campaign to consumers To create a new category in the consumers mind that is powerful diesel car Product Since the historical of both brand and the new product does not exist in market, we have to provide the clear benefits, features and advantages of the product to all agencies. To make them clear what our desires and needs to promote of this plan. Description: Newly powerful diesel engines has introduced into Skoda model. The superior with diesel engines which completely installed in the body. All product features designed to capture consumers attention with offered the VALUE for money. Features Advantages Benefits A large of passenger room Increase the space inside passenger room Comfort and spacious with 5 adults able to sit. Extensive equipments Import leather seats, full options of CD player and climate controlled air conditioning. Adjustable leather seat 6 step, both MP3 and USB adaptable in CD player. Reasonable price As the cheaper model in the Skoda product category. All pricing provide with negotiable agreement. Guarantee from Euro NCAP crash rating. Safety features such as six airbags, stability control and ABS brakes. This model also gets a four-star Euro NCAP crash rating. Low fuel consumption Reasonable level for diesel consumption for both standard testing and highway testing. The diesel engine is supremely improved with appropriate average figure for a mid-sized sedan. Brand personality Due to the good characteristic of brand personality should expression the core values of the brand, thus Skodas personality is centred on Elegance and European. If we compared its personality with famous person it might be Jude Law who could best represent elegance character to the brand. Key message Emotional appeals will be delivered as key tone The true value of powerful diesel car will serve as the platform for all communications and keep our campaign strategy consistency. Mandatory executional requirement legal qualification Company logo has to be shown in all communication tools. Tag line Simply clever should align with brand logo. All communication tools should end up with key message of the product which is The true value of powerful diesel car Activities Following are activities must be done; Why : The reasons that we need to perform this integrated communication plan are building positive brand awareness and associating the brand in the mind of consumers. Moreover, as a brand challenger competing the brand leader and gaining number one share in the market would be the optimum outcome for the brand. Who The primary target that we want to communicate with would be male 25-40 years old those working men who looking for the car that provide them better performance with elegance style. Secondary target are smart business people both male and female who age raging from 25-35 years old. Demographic characteristics Working people age is 25 or above Income level $AUS 9,000 per month. Most who lived in city or suburbs. Psychographic characteristics Lifestyle: Sociable, friendly, concern for others and pleasantness. Attitude: Self-confidence and belief in their decision. Where : The main campaign will be carried out in Sydney as centre in order to build giant impact in Australia. We need to implement in the big city because our target market mostly work and live in Sydney. Moreover, to create the powerful communication tools, we need to gain the massive reach and visibility from our prospects by placing our media in the centre, department store and office building of city such as CBD, QVB and martin place. When : This campaign will be carried out for 7 months starting from September 2010 until end of January 2011. For the details will be shown as following timeline; How : Measuring the effectiveness of marketing campaigns is to determine how successful it is. So, we need to set judgment criteria for each marketing communication tasks by tracking the main measurement such as Key performance index Total number of sales Leads generation. For each marketing task we can assess the effectiveness as following; Requests for information/brochure Request test drive Retail dealer traffic Website traffic or click-through rates Number of coupon redemption Phone lines to track phone orders Communication Brief Market research brief Objective To measure consumers value perception towards Skoda before and after the new communication campaign. To assess whether creative development create impact to the audience or not To conducted creative development to analysis whether IMC campaign achieves its objectives and marketing goals or not. To anticipate the future outcome of the social trend towards product category market Socials insight Customers Insight Target market / Audience Middle / city car segmentation. Respondents; businessmen and women 20 45 year of age. The research method Focus group Open-ended questionnaire Online survey Required task : Conducting brand positioning and image testing Conducting creative assessment Conducting Outcome-based research to study consumers insight and experience about city car Geographical boundaries All market research activities should be done in Sydney, Australia. Timeline Market research should be conducted start from week 1 week 2 of September 2010 Budget $ 320,000 for overall market research budget Advertising agency brief The role of advertising agency: Advertising agency has a responsibility to communicate our brand to the public via mass media. Each media will perform with particular purpose in order to capture a different area of prospect mind. Objective To build the brand awareness of Skoda To motivate consumers demand through the effective media To promote new product SKODA MANIA diesel engines Target audience Male 25 45 year of age. Key thought : VALUE Mood and Tone : Elegance / Prestige / Powerful / Smart Clean Key message : The true value of powerful diesel car Mandatory: All advertisements have function to influence our target audience to purchase the product Key message must out the end of ads scene Brand logo must be shown in all advertisement as well as tagline Simple clever TVC concept must engage a compelling story to unite the idea of with emotional. Story should build audiences emotion and energy with the detailed information of brand image and history. Advertising Campaign Tools Agency must develop 2 TVC , 2 print ads and 1 out of home medias TV Commercial: must be promoted during prime time. Print ads: must be placed in impact areas, could capture mass target audience such as train stations, bus stops, and office building areas and shopping centre. Timeline: Ads will be launched first 3 weeks of October 2010 then week 2 and 4 of both November and December 2010. Then only week 2 on January 2011 Budget $ 1,840,000 for overall advertising budget PR agency brief The role of PR agency: due to we want to establish brand reputation in the market and provide product into new category, PR such a powerful tool to help company accomplish lots of goal such as create Skoda name in consumers mind and capture consumers attention. Objective To build the brand awareness of Skoda To amplify talk of the town as well as buzz of Skoda test drive campaign To create brand value and equity into consumers perception To promote new product SKODA MANIA diesel engines Target audience Consumers, government , dealers , suppliers , corporate , NGOs and employees Key thought : VALUE Key message : The true value of powerful diesel car Required task: Providing press kit / press release to mass media about our brand new product The article published about the brand must be written in the magazine, advertorial and newspaper. The content must be captured attention of consumers, compete share of mind, and highlight on our product attribute VALUE Selecting Skoda brand ambassador who can be represented to brand concept and brand personality It is PR roles to create an attractive test drive event to amplify brands virus and motivate those three groups; Connectors, Marven and Salemen. To launch road show test drive event , let consumers experience with the new Skoda product and create word of mouth Word of mouth PR also responsible for generate the big impact of the buzz, thus we will engage people to word of mouth marketing as a key component to spread our test drive event. To let consumers experience with our SKODA MANIA and it is also opportunity of them to receive our product details and benefit of Skoda concept. Then the consumers will share experience among their friends and family. Moreover, word of mouth is more likely to reach and touch the mind of consumers which could drive the message to reach mass target without or low assistance from the company. So in this test drive event, it is necessary to invite all journalists from car magazine, men magazine and newspapers to attend and experience with test drive as well. The Buzz must encourage all journalists and maven to experience and spread about our product by providing advantage and highlighting on how consumer will perceive the value of the new brand product Timeline : Press release will be launched on week 1 October 2010 Brand ambassador will be selected on week 1 October 2010 Special event will be launched on first week 2 of November 2010 and run on for the 3 weeks Articles and advertorials in magazine and newspaper will start written after first week of test drive event Budget $ 1,440,000 for overall PR budget campaign Media planner brief Objective To select the effective media for all campaign tools Target audience Male 25 45 year of age. Key thought : VALUE Key message : The true value of powerful diesel car Required task Agency needs to select the powerful media