PG Scope Case Study Essay Example

PG Scope Case Study Paper Scribd Upload a Document Search Documents Explore Hazie Jamaluddin / 3 Download this Document for Free Procter Gamble Inc: Scope Scope was introduced in 1967 by Procter Gamble, is a green mint tasting mouthwash,and was positions as a great tasting mouth refreshing brand that provided bad breathprotection. Scope held 32% share of the Canadian market for 1990. In 1970 Scope becamethe market leader in Canada, with many competitors, such as Listerine mouthwash that waslaunched by Warner Lambert in 1977 and it was a direct competitor to Scope, it had nearlythe same characteristics as Scope with a 12% of the market share during that time. But themajor competitor for Scope was Plax, a brand by Pfizer Inc, which was launched in Canadain 1988 on a platform quite different from the traditional mouthwashes, and gained a 10%share since launched. Plax detergents were supposed to help loosen plaque to makebrushing effective. Before the entry of Plax, brands in the mouth wash market werepositioned around two major benefits that are fresh breath and killing germs, whereas Plaxwas positioned around a new benefit as a plaque fighter and claims Plax removes up tothree times more plaque than just brushing alone. In studying the current situation and preparing for a strategic plan, Gwen Hearst reviewedthe available information and surveys for the mouthwash market and Scope showed that75% of Canadian household use 1 or more mouthwash brands. The company’s marketresearch revealed that users could be segmented to â€Å"heavy† users that comprised 40% of all users and to â€Å"medium† users that comprised 45% of all users and to light users thatcomprise 15%. The company also made a research on why consumers use mouthwash,and the results were: consumer’s basic hygiene, it gets rid of bad breath, it kills germs andmany other reasons. Also surveys were conducted of mouthwash user’s image of the major brands based on several attributes such as, reducing bad breath, killing germs, removingplaque and others. Plax achieved a strong image on removing plaques and healthier teethand gums, whereas scope scored a weaker image on those attributes. We will write a custom essay sample on PG Scope Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on PG Scope Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on PG Scope Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In analyzing theCanadian mouthwash market share the data showed that Scope had the highest marketshare among all brands, but there was a big difference in the share held by Scope in foodstores 42%, versus drug stores 27%. Competitive data were also collected for advertisingexpenditures, and the results were that most of the advertising expenditures were of Scope,Listerine and Plax accounting for 90% of all advertising. As for the retail prices, bothListerine and Plax had the highest prices among other brands in food stores, whereasScope, Listerine and Listermint had the highest prices in drug stores. And in comparingScope market share between Canada and USA, the results showed that Scope in Canadatakes 33% of the market share, while USA Scope’s market share was 21. 6% that came after Listerine, where Listerine held 28% of the mouth wash market share in America. After the introduction of Plax by Pfizer Inc whereby PG were loosing market share, andafter studying the current situation and making several surveys and market researches,Hearst challenge was to the 1 st problem which is to develop strategy that ensures the ontinued profitability of Scope in face of competitive threats and especially by Plax thatgained 10% share of the product category. So her specific task was to prepare a marketingplan for PG mouthwash business for the next 3 years. The 2 nd problem is how will PGmaintain their profit and make sure that the Scope brand is always the first mouthwashproduct ranking among consumers? The mouthwash market is changing everyday with theemergence of new products and prod uct features. As a result, PG wants their Scopebrand to be the first choice among consumers. In the case of product development, PDD has demonstrated that Scope reduced plaquebetter than brushing alone because of the antibacterial ingredients in it. So the (ProductDevelopment) PDD has recently developed a new pre-brushing rinse product that performedas well as Plax but didn’t work any better than Plax in removing plaque. The key benefit of this recently launched product is that it tastes better than Plax. However, PDD’s preferencewas to not launch a new product, but instead to add plaque reduction claims to Scope. Since the basic argument was that it is better to protect the business that PG was alreadyin, than to launch a completely new entry. As for the case of sales, the sales people hadnoticed that Plax sales were increasing in the market place, and believed Scope shouldrespond quickly, so they suggested that a brand must be unique and different enough fromthe competitors in order to be listed in the store shelves, or otherwise the category salesvolume would spread over more units. Market researchers suggested that Hearst look at other benefits or alternatives beyond justa â€Å"plaque reassurance on scope† or a â€Å"a better tasting pre-brushing rinse† Whereas thepoint of view from finance, on one hand Plax had a high price so a new rinse might be aprofitable option, on the other hand they were concerned about the capital and marketingcosts which would increase. The purchasing manager estimated that the cost of the newingredients of a line extension would increase by $ 2. 55 and the packaging would cost$0. 30. As for the advertising agency it favoured a line extension, since adding any new claimfor scope is a huge strategic shift for the brand that would confuse the consumer anddecrease the market share, because relating 2 different ideas is very difficult (breathrefreshment good tasting) (removes plaque). Hearst and the business team have two options, on one hand a line extension or newproduct positioned against Plax could be introduced into the market and in the other handdoing nothing and just looking at claims other than â€Å"breath† instead of adding a new product. Launching a new product â€Å"new pre-brushing rinse† would cannibalize a part of Scopesales, also the delivery, marketing and capital costs of PG will increase if a new rinse waslaunched and the user of Scope would be confused since he/she saw in the old scope abreath refreshment, taking into consideration that the new rinse is not any better than Plax in reducing plaque, but at the same time it may increase the market share of PG andincrease its profit. Whereas adding a new claim for Scope ould not increase the volumeof sales, but it could prevent current users of Scope to switch and it would stabilize thebusiness, and even though the advertising agency thinks that it’s hard to relate two differentclaims, it should try to relate them in order to make an effective advertising that includesboth â€Å"breath† and â€Å"plaque† claims. Since adding plaque reduction to breathe refreshmentand good tasting is an additional benefit that the scope consumer can be nefit from and itmay attract the potential users that scope aim at. Also PG has to collect more informationto see what the consumer needs and improve it within the same product; especially that it isbased on a philosophy of satisfying the customer needs. Scope was positioned around twobenefits that are refreshing breath and good tasting, and it should stick to this position withother additional claims or benefits if it can, so it should not launch a new product thatconfuses the customers but stick to this position that it has in the market place and that isconsidered to be its competitive advantage. It’s better to protect the business that PG isalready in for many years and just add a plaque claim, than launching a completely newentry that is not secured. Questions: 1)How will PG develop a strategy that will ensure the continued profitability of Scopedespite competition? 2) Should PG take risk of introducing the completely new product for 3 years plan? Discuss the advantage and risk involved. 3)

The russia environment.

The russia environment. IntroductionOver the past year the subject of WTO accession has become one of the hottest foreign policy issues in Russia. It is clear from Russia's long history, the size of its internal market, and its importance in the shaping of world politics that the process of Russian economic reform will have wide-ranging political and social implications.Now Russia is going to become one of the members of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It not only gives lots of advantages to the Russian company, but also some negative problem. After joining the WTO, there will be lots of foreign investment in Russia. Whether it's environment suitable for foreign investors? In this article, I will analyse the economic, political and culture environment in Russia.Economic environmentRussia has made great progress in achieving macro-economic stabilisation and is currently pursuing a successful transition to a market economy.IncomeThrough out twenty years of development, the Russian income level has increas ed constantly.RussiaWe can conclude this by the GDP and GNP. .Over the last few years, the annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth 6% in Russia.Moreover, we can see at the figure of Gross National Product (GNP), which was 8,660 US dollars, rank 79 in the world. Here, we should notice that in 2001 the GDP went up 5.1 percent, which is one of the best figures in the world. Furthermore, Russia's GDP grew 4.2% 2002 and GNP grew by approximately 4% in the first half of 2002. Rapid Russian real GDP and GNP growth both has benefited from rapid rise of net exports and domestic demand.On the other hand, according to a forecast released by the Russian Economic Development and Trade Ministry, growth of real incomes reduced the share of the population below the subsistence level to 33% in...

The History and Fact About the Mousetrap

The History and Fact About the Mousetrap A  mousetrap  is a type of  animal trap  designed primarily to catch  mice; however, it may also, accidentally or not, trap other small animals. Mousetraps are usually set somewhere indoors where there is a suspected infestation of  rodents. The trap that is credited as the first patented lethal mousetrap was a set of spring-loaded, cast-iron jaws dubbed Royal No. 1.  It was patented on November 4, 1879, by James M. Keep of New York.  From the patent description, it is clear that this is not the  first  mousetrap of this type, but the patent is for this simplified, easy-to-manufacture, design. It is the industrial age development of the  deadfall trap, but relying on the force of a wound spring rather than gravity. The jaws of this type are operated by a coiled spring and the triggering mechanism is between the jaws, where the bait is held. The  trip  snaps the jaws shut, killing the rodent. Lightweight traps of this style are now constructed from plastic. These traps do not have a powerful snap like other types. They are safer for the fingers of the person setting them than other lethal traps and can be set with the press on a tab by a single finger or even by foot. James Henry Atkinson The classic spring-loaded mousetrap was first patented by William C. Hooker of  Abingdon, Illinois, who received a patent for his design in 1894.  A British inventor,  James Henry Atkinson, patented a similar trap called the Little Nipper in 1898, including variations that had a weight-activated treadle as the trip The Little Nipper is the classic snapping mousetrap that we are all familiar with that has the small flat wooden base, the spring trap, and the wire fastenings.  Cheese may be placed on the trip as  bait, but other foods such as oats, chocolate, bread, meat, butter, and peanut butter are more commonly used.   The Little Nipper slams shut in 38,000th of a second and that record has never been beaten. This is the design that has prevailed until today. This mousetrap has captured a 60 percent share of the British mousetrap market alone, and an estimated equal share of the international market. James Atkinson sold his mousetrap patent in 1913 for 1,000 pounds to Procter, the company that has been manufacturing the Little Nipper ever since, and has even built a 150-exhibit mousetrap museum in their factory headquarters. American John Mast of Lititz, Pennsylvania, received a patent on his similar snap-trap mousetrap in 1899. Humane Mousetraps Austin Kness had an idea for a better mousetrap back in the 1920s. The Kness Ketch-All Multiple Catch mousetrap doesnt use bait. It catches mice alive and can catch several before it needs to be reset. Mousetraps Galore Did you know that the Patent Office has issued more than 4,400 mousetrap patents; however, only about 20 of those patents have made any money? Catch a few of the different designs for mousetraps in our mousetrap gallery.

Dual Enrollment in High School and College

Dual Enrollment in High School and College The term dual enrolled simply refers to enrolling in two programs at once. This term is often used to describe programs designed for high school students. In these programs, students can begin working on a college degree while still enrolled in high school. Dual enrollment programs can vary from state to state. The names may include titles such as dual credit, concurrent enrollment, and joint enrollment.   In most cases, high school students in good academic standing have the opportunity to take college courses at a local college, technical college, or university. Students work with their high school guidance counselors to determine eligibility and decide which courses are right for them. Typically, students must meet eligibility requirements to enroll in a college program, and those requirements may include SAT or ACT scores. Specific requirements will vary, just as entry requirements vary among universities and technical colleges. There are advantages and disadvantages to enrolling in a program like this. Advantages to Dual Enrollment You can get a jump start on your college plans. By earning college credit while still in high school, you may be able to reduce the time and money youll spend in college.In many cases, a portion of the dual college/high school course tuition is paid for by the state or the local school board.The dual enrollment courses are sometimes offered right in your high school. This enables students to become familiar with the workload of a college course in the comfort of a familiar setting.Some colleges offer dual enrollment via the Internet. Disadvantages to Dual Enrollment It is important to look into the hidden costs and risks you may face once youve entered a dual enrollment program. Here are a few reasons why you should proceed with caution: Students may receive a textbook allowance, but others may have to pay for any textbooks. The cost of college books can be daunting. For instance, a college-level science book can cost more than one hundred dollars. You may want to research the cost of textbooks before you sign up for a specific course.If college courses are offered only on the actual college campus, the student will be responsible for travel to and from the campus. Consider the cost of transportation. You have to factor travel time into your time management considerations. Your tests can be more challenging, and you may suddenly have less time to study for them!College courses are rigorous, and students can get in over their heads sometimes. College professors expect increased maturity and responsibility from their students. Be prepared! By signing up for college courses before you’re ready, you may end up with poor grades- and those will stay on your college record forever.  Bad grades can wreck your colleg e plans. After you sign up for a college course and you start to feel like youre slipping behind, there are only two ways out: withdraw from the course or finish the course with a grade. Remember that your ultimate dream college will see both of these when you apply. Failing grades can make you ineligible for your dream college. Withdrawing from a course could make you ineligible to graduate from high school on time! Many college scholarships are designed for freshmen. If you take too many college courses while youre in high school, you could make yourself ineligible for some scholarships.Whenever you sign up for college credit courses, you are officially beginning your college career. That means you will establish an official record wherever you take courses, and you will have to provide college transcripts of those courses whenever you enter a new college- for the rest of your life. Whenever you change colleges, you will need to provide transcripts to a new college. If youre interested in a program like this, you should meet with your high school guidance counselor to discuss your career goals.

Sylvester Stallone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sylvester Stallone - Essay Example His mother, Jackie Stallone, was of two origins. She was half-Russian and half French. He has a younger brother, Frank Stallone and both were both named after their paternal grandfather. Since his baptism, he has been a Catholic. During his childhood, he suffered a lot from his parents’ hostility. His parents were so hostile that their relationship ended in a divorce in 1957. This led to Sylvester moving to Philadelphia with his mother and a foster father. Due to environmental and social changes, Sylvester suffered academic and emotional changes. He became very troubled in school and this led to his expulsion in most of the schools that he joined. His mother enrolled him to a special high school for the troubled and mischievous youth. While at Philadelphia, he spent most of his time at foster care but this changed after joining Devereaux High School where he joined the gym class and started lifting weights (Sanford, Carl and Howard 15). After his graduation, he won an athletic scholarship program at an American College located in Switzerland. He became a coach of a girls’ athletic club and after a short time gained interest in drama. He starred in of the school productions in the college. This motivated him to join the world of drama and he could not wait to go back to the United States of America where he joined the University of Miami and studied drama. It is in 1969 when he decided to pursue his dream in drama and acting. He went back to New York where he had to work in different low paying workplaces to make ends meet. He became an usher at a New York theatre and worked part time jobs at the Central Park Zoo. He made his first appearance in the film industry after acting a soft-core porn film by the name ‘A party at kitty studs’. He frequently auditioned and soon became famous in the industry due to his role as a tough person in most films paralyzed (Sanford, Carl and Howard 12). However, the industry became more competitive and h e became discouraged after being turned down for the film ‘The Godfather’ in 1971. This led to Sylvester turning his attention to writing screenplays and it bore fruit in 1973 after he starred in the movie Rebel. Sylvester’s first major role in the film industry was in 1976 after he wrote the movie’s script. A fight between Chuck Wepner and Muhammad Ali form, which he wrote the script, had motivated him (Dunn). He wanted to play the role himself and after a long struggle with producers Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler, he was assigned the role. The film became very successful and was nominated for best actor and best original screenplay at the Academy Awards. Stallone earned lots of profits from this film. In 1982, he had the role of writing and directing Rocky II that became a major success after grossing over $200 million. This became the turning point for his career in the film industry. All the films he directed from this point on gained lots of money irrespective of the presence of critics to his films (Celebrity Net Worth). These films include Rambo, The specialist, Cash, Tango, Cobra, Demolition Man among others (Stallone 15). The new millennium did not pose a good start to Sylvester’s career since the movies that he stared in or produced did not sell as expected. However, a re-production of Rambo in 2008 and later The Expendables made him rise in chats at the film

Discussion Topic on Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Topic on Technology - Essay Example Over the years, state legislators, district leaders and school administrators face difficulties in ensuring the students use technology in a proper manner. The need to put restrictions on the use of technology by underage children is necessary because of the adult nature of some of the content made easily available by the different types of technology (Cheves, 2012). Lewis refers to the use of the internet. Many sectors especially the education sector continues to improve because of the internet. The internet makes information available to everyone using it providing people physically separated with the opportunity to communicate with ease. Despite this, many students continue to fall prey to the unrestricted streaming of adult content through the internet. Cyber bullying is also an emerging trend affecting young children of which sometimes proves fatal, whereby, children end up committing suicide (Week, 2011). In conclusion, technology use has both endless advantages and disadvantages to the education system. Besides the internet, other forms of technology continue to benefit the education sector, for example, cell phones, televisions among other things. In addition, just like the internet, they also present challenges to the education sector. Despite this, technology still plays an integral part in the education sector (Week, 2011). Cheves, D. A. (2012, May 10). Should High-Stakes Tests Drive the Curriculum? A Perspective from Michigan. Retrieved from National Council of Teachers of Mathematics:

Analyse and access the blackboard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analyse and access the blackboard - Essay Example Currently in your Blackboard courses, you need to remove the existing file and re-upload the new version of the file. With the Blackboard Content System, you will no longer need to upload the same file to several different sections you would simply link from your course to the file in the Content System. This way if you modify, for example, the syllabus file in the Content System, the updates in the file can be reflected automatically in all the courses without having to go into each course and modify each file. Throughout this guide, you find a set of "Why Bother" ideas for Blackboard usage. So, below we've compiled a list of ideas from the broad spectrum of uses to get you thinking of why you would use Blackboard in your course: This is an exploratory study that aims to understand the current implementation of University Blackboard. Based on evaluation, it indicates that the general visibility of this study is guaranteed. The results of this study give students and faculty members more understanding of how Westminster University applies the standard student-faculty services online with the use of tools via the internet according to the website design standards. Furthermore, enhancement and personalising the University Blackboard can be adapted to suite and blend with the general there of the University website. Security is still a concern. Giving access to students should be monitored momentarily to avoid identity theft among students. References Wikipedia. (November 2006). Blackboard Inc. Retrieved November 7, 2006,

English - Answer questions from 3 Articles Article

English - Answer questions from 3 Articles - Article Example es how the onus must be on developed countries to take the lead in combating rampant over-consumption, because it is these countries that are over-consuming. Furthermore, these practices of overconsumption create problems in developing countries – climate change, for instance, has a global impact despite being caused almost entirely by developed countries. 2. The most significant impact the article â€Å"The Last Empire† by Jacques Leslie is the inherent idea that the current world order expects so-called â€Å"developing† countries to never truly develop, and if they did the quality of life in so-called â€Å"developed† countries would drop perceptibly – meaning that not only do industrialized nations have an incredible incentive to keep developing countries down, they can actually only afford their quality of life on the backs of developing countries. China is one of the few countries, along with Brazil and India, to truly have â€Å"developed† in the past thirty years – with its economy, and consumption, skyrocketing. This increased consumption has led to vast increases in commodity prices, as more and more food, for instance, had to be imported from abroad (Leslie). Now, if China’s economy improving alone could do that, imagine how drastic the increase in commodity prices, and thus decrease in standard of living, would be caused by the rest of the â€Å"developing† world improving. 3. The main point of â€Å"Rethinking the Meat Guzzler† by Mark Bittman is that the cost of raising meat for consumption is absurdly high, and is increasing at an exponential rate. But by far the most significant aspect of his argument is that the raising of livestock puts a great deal of pressure on grain and energy production, meaning in essence meat, and meat eaters are taking resources away from people who need them. According to Bittman, â€Å"nearly 30 percent of the earth’s ice-free land is directly or indirectly involved with livestock production† – and

Equity and Trusts (England and Wales) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Equity and Trusts (England and Wales) - Essay Example d her children in equal shares. Thus there can be no doubt that Sir Clarence intended to create a trust out of the transfer of the property/gifts to Tilda. In order to give effect to Sir Clarence’s intention to create a trust, certainty of subject and object must be satisfactorily established.4 In this regard, certainty of subject matter is sufficiently established if the property transferred or to be transferred to the trust can be identified and administratively workable.5 The sum of money transferred to Tilda to administer is specific and certainly capable of division and is thus identifiable and readily administrable. Since the seaside property was transferred to Tilda, the seaside cottage is likewise identifiable and administrable. Certainty of objects is established if the words used to describe the beneficiaries are sufficient for the courts or the trustees to identify and administer the trust among specific beneficiaries or a class of beneficiaries.6 In a discretionary trusts, the trustees need only be able to identify by virtue of an in or out test, who the beneficiaries are. However with a fixed trust, as this particular trust appears to be, the trustees must be in a position to draw up a complete list of all of the beneficiaries.7 Even so the in or out test will be effective for determining who Davina’s children are. It is also possible to draw up a complete list of the beneficiaries. Therefore whether or not the trust is discretionary or a fixed trust, certainty of objects can be established. Tilda, who is Sir Clarence’s friend should certainly be able to identify Davina and her children. Likewise the courts can easily identify who Davina’s children are as births are a matter of public record. Thus far it has been established that the three certainties have been satisfied in the gifts to Davina and her children. However, the disposition of the freehold in the cottage to Tilda upon trust for Davina and her children cannot be enforced unless it meets the formal requirements for the disposition of an equitable interests in land pursuant to Section 53(1)(c) of the Law of Property Act, 1925. Section 53(1)(c) of the Law of Property Act 1925 provides that the disposition of an equitable interests in land must be evidenced in writing.8 It therefore follows that while the gift of 200,000 pounds forms the subject of a valid trust, the seaside cottage does not since it does not meet the requirements of Section 53(1)(c) of the Law of Property Act, 1925. Therefore the principle of resulting trusts is relevant. A resulting trust will arise to essentially transfer the property back to Sir Clarence. This is possible because the resulting trust functions to give effect to that which is conscionable.9 In particular a resulting trust will arise when both the trustee and the settlor agreed and know that the settlor never intended to transfer the property to the trustee absolutely or the trustee treats the property in a way that does not correspond with the settlor’

Form and Structure Essay Example for Free

Form and Structure Essay As an AS drama group, we carried out certain exercises on narrative structure, to identify ourselves with that used in the play. For instance, we each acted out a scene, illustrating an everyday activity such as waking and getting up. We then narrated these scenes first in the first person narrative, then in the third. This enabled us to identify with how Brecht wished his actors to perform, as by narrating our own actions in the third person narrative, we were detaching ourselves from the parts we were playing, and so were not thinking emotionally what should this character think and feel now, but rather thought, how should this character appear. This also enabled us to understand how the process of taking photographs of scenes and trying to identify what was occurring within that scene, helped Brecht decide if his actors were performing correctly. The Verfremdungseffekte were designed to expose the familiar; Brechts actors were to present things in their concrete reality so that the audience would be encouraged to think about what had given rise to situation depicted, in this case Hitlers, or Uis rise to power, and therefore consider ways to change those conditions in the future. * The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui is divided into 15 scenes, some of which are subdivided into several sections identified by letters. These 15 scenes are then divided almost equally into 2 acts. This symmetry gives the play a degree of continuity, enabling it to flow smoothly. Scene 8 displays a structure unique from that of other scenes throughout the play. It is the scene in which the innocent fish is on trial for potentially burning down Hooks warehouse. He is being tried before a corrupt judge caused by the manipulation of the judicial system by Ui and his underlings. This scene is divided into seven parts, a to g. Each of these parts is shorter in length than that preceding it, hence quickening the pace of the play and building tension within the scene. The shortening sections also highlight Fishs plunge into a prison sentence, that which he is undeserving of.

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) Plan for Skoda

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) Plan for Skoda The purpose of this report is to implement power integrated marketing communication plan for Skoda; automotive company. The outcome of this plan is to establish an impressive and desire challenger brand in order to compete with category big fish automotive brands in Australia. Skoda is encountering a big challenge from its marketing communication although company is gradually establishing itself known to automotive consumers, but it seemed difficult to reach their goal, since companys history and reputation were not accepted by Australian consumers. As a consequence of company necessary to break with the immediate past and reposition itself. By changing consumer perception of Skoda from the brand that lack of history and weak reputation to become the brand that everybody wants. As a result, single key thought which is VALUE will be used as platform of all marketing communication strategies and tactics in order to become a big fish in the automotive category in Australia This integrated communication plan will outline many aspects pertaining to firstly; the communication plan will focus on the overall of Australia automotive and identify companys position and problem. Second part will provide the solution of Skodas marketing communication plan based on Morgans eight credos by utilizing it through all power communication channels such as Public Relation, Advertising, Internet marketing and Sponsorship. Lastly, this plan also presents a communication brief of each party such as PR agency and Advertising agency. Part 1: Background InformationCompany Background Skoda is the one of car manufactures in the world with its strong engineer and production for more than century. The company first was established in 1895 in Czech Republic. Later on, the Czech brand was searching for well-known partner. As a result of in 1991, Volkswagen was chosen since VW is the largest automotive manufacturer in. However, 30% of Skodas equity was owned by Volkswagen group in Germany. Ten years later, Skoda was completely taken over by Volkswagen. Company was introduced in Australia in 2007and keep growing up to develop new ideas for simply clever driving with proudly of innovation and design. Overview of the Australian motor vehicle market The Australian automotive market is extremely competitive, with more than 60 models of many car brands available for purchase. The new record for this industry was reported that in 2007 the number of new vehicle sales were 1,049,982 units which have been increase about 9.1% from 2006. Furthermore, there was an increasing of all types of vehicle; however the increasing trend of small/city car took the highest in the market growth as detailed in the figure 1 below. Source: Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, 2008. As a result of company aims to introduce the newly product, with full performance of diesel engines into city type which called SKODA MANIA Source: Australian automotive intelligence, 2010 From figure 2 above, the market leader in selling is Toyota, the brand has been in the first rank for 7 years followed by Ford and Holden. In addition, there was a significant strong position of Japanese brand in the Australian market whereas the strongest European brand was Volkswagen which has been strengthened its sales in Australian market for 10 years. As previous information, it provides opportunity to Skoda to introduce a new product and leverage its competitors as the newly European brand in the market. Consequently, Skoda needs to create strong brand reputation; moreover, the communication needs to concentrate on the most powerful key though VALUE into prospects mind. Key issues From figure 3 below, illustrate the latest research reported total market shares of competitive vehicle brands in Australia, the majority percentage of share market contributed to Toyota with 21% of proportion same as other brand name which combined various non-dominant brands. So in order to compete the market share of the big fish in this category, the new European brand like Skoda has to introduce new image of itself settle in a position as European brand that provide value and performance could comparable with Japanese brands. In order to launch a new brand product SKODA MANIA and generate the influential communication plan, it is required to identify communication challenges as following points: Brand has weak reputation in Australians mind since it was taken by Volkswagen, Skoda need to build brand preference and persuade a target audience to consider its product attributes by building its reputation as a long-established and trusted name in the market. Automotive product category need high involvement in purchasing decision, the communication concepts need to focus on visual and emotional appeals to create value for money in consumers decision. There is a shift in consumer preferences due to the demand of consumers on type of car has been significant changed from large passenger cars to smaller with lower fuel consumption cars, thus the effective communication will provide value proposition for the Skoda brand to launch city full performance car . As a result of Skoda needs to position itself as a challenger brand and break with its immediate past from the brand no one knows to become the desire brand. Furthermore, our Czech brand has to drive itself to become a leader in automotive category in Australia market which requires an effective and pioneer the comprehensive integrated marketing communication plan. So it could be done by follow the process of The Eight Marketing Credos by Adam Morgan. The big fish main competitor The big fish in the automotive of Australian market is Toyota, as a major competitor of challenger brand like Skoda. With a dominant position in Australian car market since companys market share achieved around 21 percent in 2009 and retained the number one status in selling products than any other single brand in the country. More than 50 years in Australia, Toyota has grown to be one of Australias leading automotive companies with the total sales revenue $7.982 billion in the end of 2009 Toyota.com, 2010. Toyota has a strong key element to support its brand positioning such as being an innovative brand that implement the most advanced environmental technologies and enrich society through car making. Forrester Research, 2006. The Japanese brand sale several of product types which are passenger car, 4WDSUV, commercial and hybrid with offering more than 15 marques. In 2009, the company spent more than $ 65 million on adverting; the report was covered advertisements in all areas of media such as television, radio, newspapers and online search and classifieds Stafford, 2010. Part 2: Communication Plan Why marketing communication plan is important to Skoda? The marketing communication has a significant function for Skoda plan since we need to manage the concept and make all aspects of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing work together as a integrated force Lake, 2009. Furthermore, it is general argue that the branding is related to get companies target audience to select their brand over the highly competition, but it is about capture the prospects to recognize their brand as the only one in their mind and perception that could deliver them the best solution to their problem. However, to succeed in doing that, we must to realized and understand the needs and wants of our customers and prospects. As a consequence of integrate marketing communication is very important to our branding, advertising and marketing strategies in all attribute areas of public contact. Brand like Skoda has not instituted a strong historical brand in the market, consequently; company has to invest in communications due to the fact that Skoda needs to formulate prospects to aware its product and emphasis on its key though VALUE by communicating through functional and emotional of its product attribute to ensure that its advantage could leverage the big fish in automotive industry Millier, 2010. In addition, developing communications strategies could provide companys knowledge and help Skoda understand its markets effectively. So Skoda needs a large investment in communication plan. There are various benefit that company will derive from invest in communications and develop marketing strategy as following figure 4 below The communication plan will enhance company in four major areas; sale growth, price premium, brand loyalty and fast penetrate into the market which increasing in the marketing communication budget will maximize shareholder value as well as the long-run profitability. Budget Allocation According to increase of marketing communication spending, Skoda needs to maximize profit and shareholder value for brand. Since, the company will be positioned itself for the city car segment with expecting that these advertising spending will enhance shareholder value and the company profile margin sustainably. Therefore, to allocate the budgets on media that communicate to all areas of the community, Skoda total marketing communication budget will spend up to $AUD 8 million within period 5 months. Skoda will process the plan with various agencies and other media house to response for this campaign communication to facilitate company from the inception stage; build an unknown brand and overcome the risk factors from enter to mid car segment. The challenger strategic approach: a four stage process Stage 1 Attitude and Preparation Credo1: Breaking with Immediate Past The core problem of challenger brands is not provide new and unique idea into the consumers, it depend on how they can remove the conventional idea from the past. Consumers perception is same as a room with full of old furniture. Therefore, before we move a new one into that space, we need to delete the old furniture from the room first. Skoda has to realise about the concept of breaking with the immediate past in order to see real challengers and possibilities in the new market. Formerly, company has weak reputation on the market as a consequence of the challenger brand as Skoda need to consciously break with its own immediately past by reinventing brand history as key issue from an unknown brand to become desire brand in Australian market. Furthermore, its a bright opportunity for the brand to introduce new product SKODA MANIA, the city car with powerful diesel engine into the market by providing the new concept of The true VALUE of powerful diesel car and bringing other inspiration from another category into its product. This brand new opportunity enables company to step back and make upstream question and refine a new product. To define the challenge, we want to compete with the market leader and we want to make the different. It is vital role for the company to make its brand stand out in the competition by opposition its product attribute and create a new category on powerful diesel car against the Big fish like Toyota hybrid. However, Skoda clearly identify itself to be different from the category, Skoda has to battle within the same areas of brand leader by trying to win the number one market share of automotive market. Stage 2 Challenger Strategy Credo 2 : Building a Lighthouse Identity The critical role in marketing strategy is we have to state that who we are. Skoda has to develop clear stage in what its brand stand for which is the desire brand of powerful diesel car by creating its own values through key thought The true value of powerful diesel car. In order to become desire brand, company does not only position itself as the brand that everybody wants but its also want to position itself as a impressive value perspective as a good sign of how Skoda is going to play. Another aspect of brand challenger as Skoda has to consider is tried to build emotional attachment based on point of view with consumer. Not only the brand has to determine what are the key features that want to communicate, but Skoda also has to build its prominent identity the desire brand of powerful diesel car to let consumer engage and affiliate with brand. Credo 3 : Assume Thought Leadership Of The Category Now Skoda brand does not be the leader in the Australian automotive market but there is another opportunity for Skoda thought as the leadership in the brand category. To create a long term goals that makes everyone talk about its brand, Skoda had clarified itself different from competitors as the desire brand of powerful diesel car and make great reason which is impressive value perspectives why consumer must select its brand. In accordance to communicate the massive impact of brand identity and positioning, Skoda could achieve by breaking of key conventions in the category. In this kind of situation, Skoda chooses to break the conventions of neighborhood and network. By selecting BP gas station as a brand partner since Skoda quite new comer in the Australian market, company needs to enhance brand positioning by being partner with worldwide fuel brand that provide reliability and trustworthiness products to the market like BP. Moreover, to encompass a wide range of its communication marketing activities such as provide special promotion when consumers purchase SKODA MANIA they will get petrol coupon to use at BP for free. Combining the strength of BP brand helps company gains more trust, build consumer acceptance and brand preference that create impactful reason why they have to choose you. Additionally, Skoda will break the convention of media in promoting of its brand new product. Company use website as a platform to integrate of all communication channel. Although Skoda has invested a high budget into advertising and PR, the company will benefit from the low cost of operating from using the digital media to communicate with its target. All communication channels will provide Skoda website www.skoda.com.au in order to convince prospect to find more information at there. Furthermore, valuable thing from utilize internet channel is time, since consumers could find and get precise all products details from online store that opening 24/7. Using of free social media such as Facebook or Twitter will help company reach the right target easily since this kind of free media become a part of everybodys life and most of working people also associate with them. Credo 4 : Create Symbol of Reevaluation To create our symbol of re-evaluation, the key concern is not budgeting but it is about Skoda needs to recognize what the dominant customer complacency is and show how they can see its brand. In order to achieve this key complacency, the brand has to stimulate actions that make consumers rethink about Skoda and recognize the symbol to what the brand want to communicate. Skoda seemed to be unbranded as first introduce to the market this chance will help company to change consumer perception towards the brand from little or no image to be the brand preference / desire brand that make consumer perceive to its brand values. PR agency will create viral as unbranded first by placing its car with full of money fake in the high traffic areas, let people curious what is about and why this car has a lot of money. The company will reveal the reason why its car must filled with money which is value of saving from diesel engine that make the owner of SKODA MANIA has a lot of money. Also use the other media to emphasis its key thought and brand concept which is The true value of powerful diesel car. Stage 3 Challenger Behavior Credo 5 : Sacrifice To be successful challenger brand does not necessary to have a perfect marketing strategy. In order to get number one of brand leader sometimes the sacrifice has to be taken. First is Skoda has to sacrifice in the target market by focusing on male and working people on the other hand, Skoda has to give up female as a main target in order to establish relationship with the core target. Due to its product performance match with working men who choose the quality and performance of product as first criteria, this beneficial enable company to sale the product and build closely relationship to its target easily. Sacrifice on pricing strategy would be another thing which company has taken into account. To facilitate new product launch in this country, Skoda has to realize on its key though VALUE by giving consumer value for money in purchasing its product. Consumers perception towards diesel car is save thus company need to sacrifice the premium price in order to capture consumer attention and create the brand considerable. Credo 6: Overcommitment To be the brand challenger does not mean to do just enough for achieving the key success. Alternatively, if all members in Skoda whether top managements or employees work together and dedicate themselves to make consumers perceive brand differentiate, Skoda will be accomplished and become desire brand. Since Skoda has determine its goal to be the brand leader in the market and compete share of mind in consumers, as a result of motivation of its staff to reach overcommitment is the critical concept that Skoda should state in its mind. All Skoda members do not only overcommitment to provide the impressive value product to the market and but also attempt to focus on implementing the key thought and brand concept to be consistent in order to achieve the company goals. Credo 7: Use Advertising and Publicity as a High-Leverage Asset For the challenger brand, only clear communication is not enough, capturing the targets imagination and mind must be objective Morgan, 2009. To introduce brand into new market, roles of advertising and PR must be noticed. Both of effective tools characterize an enormous opportunity to Skoda to accomplish position in the new market since Skoda needs to attend the consumers mind and get them to spread its word. As a consequence, Skoda has been identified what the brand want to say and create the precise message to be communicated with specify the period of time, location and required task. Skoda debut its brand via PR tools is such a dominant strategy because once consumers did not know anything about its brand and new product. In order to gain the brand credibility, company needs to leverage competitors by using PR as credible source to make the brand more acceptances in the new market. Skoda has to build its position through various PR campaign such as word of mouth, special event and the group of influencers such as mavens and connectors and salesman. Advertising will be another channel that Skoda uses to convince consumers to make the decision in purchasing our product. The persuasive ads will be utilized to persuade consumer mind to use Skoda MANIA with emotional appeals of advertising techniques that company try to engage upon emotions of its audience. Moreover, key though of the brand must be highlighted through all communication messages to encourage audience perception towards its brand values. Stage 4 Sustaining challenger Momentum Become Idea-Centered, Not Consumer-Centered The brand challengers have to realize that the new ideas need to be employed in order to maintain in their momentum. Instead of changing core identity, Skoda has to refresh and make the core idea to be differentiated. As a consequence of the failure in its momentum in the market, the brand needs to sustain consumer perception and keep building relationship with consumers. To achieved this kind of challengers, Skoda has to deploy ideas-centered not consumer-centered by continuing generate product beyond customers satisfaction and product improvement. On the top of that, Skoda do not change its communication strategy, the challenge brand like Skoda tend to find more opportunity to deliver its brand value through the creative ideas and communication tools such as ambient and concept of car customization. Part 3: Marketing Communication Roles In order to generate the marketing communication program and make it strong and true, we need to employ the concept of six honest serving men of Rudyard Kipling which help we formulate the successful brief and avoid weak briefing that can stimulate and deliver the weak messages. What : The aim of this communication plan To build awareness of Skoda brand and capture consumers attention by shifting from no one know to desire brand To launch new Skoda car into Australian market with full performance of diesel engines into city type which called SKODA MANIA To stimulate the sale in order to compete market share of automotive car in Australian market Establishing of key thought VALUE to this plan , paveing the way to engage all communication tools within single focus that helps promote the effective campaign to consumers To create a new category in the consumers mind that is powerful diesel car Product Since the historical of both brand and the new product does not exist in market, we have to provide the clear benefits, features and advantages of the product to all agencies. To make them clear what our desires and needs to promote of this plan. Description: Newly powerful diesel engines has introduced into Skoda model. The superior with diesel engines which completely installed in the body. All product features designed to capture consumers attention with offered the VALUE for money. Features Advantages Benefits A large of passenger room Increase the space inside passenger room Comfort and spacious with 5 adults able to sit. Extensive equipments Import leather seats, full options of CD player and climate controlled air conditioning. Adjustable leather seat 6 step, both MP3 and USB adaptable in CD player. Reasonable price As the cheaper model in the Skoda product category. All pricing provide with negotiable agreement. Guarantee from Euro NCAP crash rating. Safety features such as six airbags, stability control and ABS brakes. This model also gets a four-star Euro NCAP crash rating. Low fuel consumption Reasonable level for diesel consumption for both standard testing and highway testing. The diesel engine is supremely improved with appropriate average figure for a mid-sized sedan. Brand personality Due to the good characteristic of brand personality should expression the core values of the brand, thus Skodas personality is centred on Elegance and European. If we compared its personality with famous person it might be Jude Law who could best represent elegance character to the brand. Key message Emotional appeals will be delivered as key tone The true value of powerful diesel car will serve as the platform for all communications and keep our campaign strategy consistency. Mandatory executional requirement legal qualification Company logo has to be shown in all communication tools. Tag line Simply clever should align with brand logo. All communication tools should end up with key message of the product which is The true value of powerful diesel car Activities Following are activities must be done; Why : The reasons that we need to perform this integrated communication plan are building positive brand awareness and associating the brand in the mind of consumers. Moreover, as a brand challenger competing the brand leader and gaining number one share in the market would be the optimum outcome for the brand. Who The primary target that we want to communicate with would be male 25-40 years old those working men who looking for the car that provide them better performance with elegance style. Secondary target are smart business people both male and female who age raging from 25-35 years old. Demographic characteristics Working people age is 25 or above Income level $AUS 9,000 per month. Most who lived in city or suburbs. Psychographic characteristics Lifestyle: Sociable, friendly, concern for others and pleasantness. Attitude: Self-confidence and belief in their decision. Where : The main campaign will be carried out in Sydney as centre in order to build giant impact in Australia. We need to implement in the big city because our target market mostly work and live in Sydney. Moreover, to create the powerful communication tools, we need to gain the massive reach and visibility from our prospects by placing our media in the centre, department store and office building of city such as CBD, QVB and martin place. When : This campaign will be carried out for 7 months starting from September 2010 until end of January 2011. For the details will be shown as following timeline; How : Measuring the effectiveness of marketing campaigns is to determine how successful it is. So, we need to set judgment criteria for each marketing communication tasks by tracking the main measurement such as Key performance index Total number of sales Leads generation. For each marketing task we can assess the effectiveness as following; Requests for information/brochure Request test drive Retail dealer traffic Website traffic or click-through rates Number of coupon redemption Phone lines to track phone orders Communication Brief Market research brief Objective To measure consumers value perception towards Skoda before and after the new communication campaign. To assess whether creative development create impact to the audience or not To conducted creative development to analysis whether IMC campaign achieves its objectives and marketing goals or not. To anticipate the future outcome of the social trend towards product category market Socials insight Customers Insight Target market / Audience Middle / city car segmentation. Respondents; businessmen and women 20 45 year of age. The research method Focus group Open-ended questionnaire Online survey Required task : Conducting brand positioning and image testing Conducting creative assessment Conducting Outcome-based research to study consumers insight and experience about city car Geographical boundaries All market research activities should be done in Sydney, Australia. Timeline Market research should be conducted start from week 1 week 2 of September 2010 Budget $ 320,000 for overall market research budget Advertising agency brief The role of advertising agency: Advertising agency has a responsibility to communicate our brand to the public via mass media. Each media will perform with particular purpose in order to capture a different area of prospect mind. Objective To build the brand awareness of Skoda To motivate consumers demand through the effective media To promote new product SKODA MANIA diesel engines Target audience Male 25 45 year of age. Key thought : VALUE Mood and Tone : Elegance / Prestige / Powerful / Smart Clean Key message : The true value of powerful diesel car Mandatory: All advertisements have function to influence our target audience to purchase the product Key message must out the end of ads scene Brand logo must be shown in all advertisement as well as tagline Simple clever TVC concept must engage a compelling story to unite the idea of with emotional. Story should build audiences emotion and energy with the detailed information of brand image and history. Advertising Campaign Tools Agency must develop 2 TVC , 2 print ads and 1 out of home medias TV Commercial: must be promoted during prime time. Print ads: must be placed in impact areas, could capture mass target audience such as train stations, bus stops, and office building areas and shopping centre. Timeline: Ads will be launched first 3 weeks of October 2010 then week 2 and 4 of both November and December 2010. Then only week 2 on January 2011 Budget $ 1,840,000 for overall advertising budget PR agency brief The role of PR agency: due to we want to establish brand reputation in the market and provide product into new category, PR such a powerful tool to help company accomplish lots of goal such as create Skoda name in consumers mind and capture consumers attention. Objective To build the brand awareness of Skoda To amplify talk of the town as well as buzz of Skoda test drive campaign To create brand value and equity into consumers perception To promote new product SKODA MANIA diesel engines Target audience Consumers, government , dealers , suppliers , corporate , NGOs and employees Key thought : VALUE Key message : The true value of powerful diesel car Required task: Providing press kit / press release to mass media about our brand new product The article published about the brand must be written in the magazine, advertorial and newspaper. The content must be captured attention of consumers, compete share of mind, and highlight on our product attribute VALUE Selecting Skoda brand ambassador who can be represented to brand concept and brand personality It is PR roles to create an attractive test drive event to amplify brands virus and motivate those three groups; Connectors, Marven and Salemen. To launch road show test drive event , let consumers experience with the new Skoda product and create word of mouth Word of mouth PR also responsible for generate the big impact of the buzz, thus we will engage people to word of mouth marketing as a key component to spread our test drive event. To let consumers experience with our SKODA MANIA and it is also opportunity of them to receive our product details and benefit of Skoda concept. Then the consumers will share experience among their friends and family. Moreover, word of mouth is more likely to reach and touch the mind of consumers which could drive the message to reach mass target without or low assistance from the company. So in this test drive event, it is necessary to invite all journalists from car magazine, men magazine and newspapers to attend and experience with test drive as well. The Buzz must encourage all journalists and maven to experience and spread about our product by providing advantage and highlighting on how consumer will perceive the value of the new brand product Timeline : Press release will be launched on week 1 October 2010 Brand ambassador will be selected on week 1 October 2010 Special event will be launched on first week 2 of November 2010 and run on for the 3 weeks Articles and advertorials in magazine and newspaper will start written after first week of test drive event Budget $ 1,440,000 for overall PR budget campaign Media planner brief Objective To select the effective media for all campaign tools Target audience Male 25 45 year of age. Key thought : VALUE Key message : The true value of powerful diesel car Required task Agency needs to select the powerful media

Lament :: Personal Narrative Writing

Lament I have matured, and, at the proper time, the winnower will come for me. I will be ready. I have cast off my seed into the rich humus born of past generations. It has taken root, and now sings its own Song of Spring Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,-- John Keats, â€Å"To Autumn† It is fitting on this day of cold bluster and unsentimental sunlight to write of endings. Spring, so recently past, seems a dream. Was it so long ago that I, like spring, burst onto the scene? The faces and days of my youth are veiled within the mist of memory, but not beyond my reach. I inhale and the aroma of lilacs engulfs me, just as they encircled my house. A sister is born; she is named June Iris, but she has arrived too early in April. She is carried home in her namesake month. My mother places her in the sunlight that leaks between our drapes. We have to be quiet; she is sleeping. . . . In an instant I am riding my bicycle beneath the elms whose branches rise to the sky like the vaulted ceiling of a cathedral. Lining my street, they provide a cool respite from the relentless heat of a Midwestern sun. The orb drifts over, shifting the patterns of shade and light as though it were setting designs in stained glass. Sometimes with a friend, but more often alone, I gallop my two-w heeled steed up and down the block. Obsessed with horses and the westerns on television, I have no need for companions to challenge my imagination and diminish the enjoyment. In pretend, I wile away the days of girlhood that reach to a future I never consider. I try to recall the sounds. The birds sang, I’m certain. Surely there were the shouts that accompanied the games. But there is no music in my reverie, no sound to break the white silence. Like the caterpillar in its cocoon, I’m insulated within myself. The Wind. I remember the wind as it rushed through the elms, ruffling the branches or swirling them in circles. I turn and am standing in the picture window that looked out upon our street. The sky is blackish green. The trees shift violently from side to side. I watch, oblivious to the potential danger of a breakaway limb, mesmerized by the dance before me.

A Smile Is Worth So Much More Essay -- essays research papers

When I asked my friends of a personal trait that best suits me, I received the same response from them all. The overwhelming feeling shared by each individual person showed how I looked in there eyes. Each person, as different as they were had said that I am â€Å"too nice.† This trait does not seem to me as large of an issue as my friends think that it is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although they say I am â€Å"too nice,† I feel that I am not â€Å"nice,† just pleasant. I do not understand how a person can be â€Å"too nice.† I never found it a burden on anyone’s personality to be nice. Of course being nice has its advantages and it’s disadvantages, as do any other personality traits that a person would have. For example, a person could be vulgar and uncouth. Many people find this kind of behavior offensive of course, but some may find it relieving that a person could be so honest to how they feel by not holding back.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the matter of me being too nice, I have found that through high school and my time in college I always have been seen as the â€Å"nice guy.† Everyone has always seen me as the nice guy. Sometimes it is aggravating to be called that but I rather have that than some other name with a negative connotation. Some friends have introduced me to there friends as â€Å"Alex the nice guy,† which totally limits me in the very beginning of our relationship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is true that I do care for most other people’s feelings and ideas. I just tr...

Comparison of Genesis

The story of creation begins with Genesis 1 and 2, it explains how the world and it’s living inhabitants were created from God’s touch. From Genesis 1 we see how the sky, seas, land, animals, and mankind were created. However Genesis 2 focuses more on the first of mankind, known as Adam and Eve and how they are made to be. In this paper I will compare Genesis 1 and Genesis 2 and what the main idea for creation is in each one, however in my opinion there is no contradiction between the two. Genesis 2 merely fills in the details that are â€Å"headlined† in Genesis.In Genesis 1 we learn how God created the earth and the living things on it and what order they came to be in. The elements were created in the following order: Light first and darkness second marking the first day (Gen 1:3), land and seas on the second day (Gen 1:9), and the seasons on the fourth day (Gen 1:14). The living things were created in this order: Vegetation and plants were first on the third day (Gen 1:11), animals were second on the fifth and sixth days (Gen 1:20), male human kind was made third on the sixth day (Gen 1:27), and finally female human kind was made fourth and last on the sixth day as well (Gen 1:27).Genesis 1 briefly tells us that man was made in God’s image, made male and female, and given dominion over the animals (Gen 1:26). In Genesis 2 we merely go more into depth of the making of man and woman. Genesis 2 shows us HOW man was made in God's image. I believe man is made a three-fold being with a body that touches the physical realm, a spirit that touches the spiritual/moral realm, and a soul/mind that links them in the mental realm. Just as God appears as the Father in the spiritual realm, the Son in the physical realm, and the Holy Spirit in the hearts and minds of men.This is a great similarity and I believe it is there for a reason. But we need not get far into that and â€Å"muddy the waters† so to speak (sarcasm). In Genesis 1 God wa s here on the earth, He hovered over water in Eden (Gen 1:2). God also began the process of creation, and began creating the earth. Not only did He create the earth, but He created mankind and animals. In this chapter it speaks of man being made in God’s image which is very intriguing, God created everything, but mankind is the only thing He created to be like Him. God gave us the opportunity to be in His likeness.Not only is that an opportunity, but it is an honor to know that God cares so much about mankind that He wants us to be like Him. In Genesis 2 God breathes breath into mankind, God is physically in the presence of mankind at this point. He did not come in the form of Jesus, but in the form of which He is, God. God is closer to mankind than ever before in both of these chapters. Also, God gives a test to Adam in Genesis 2, which is not something that He does in Genesis 1. Almost immediately after breathing life into Adam God gives him work.I find this interesting bec ause since the beginning God has been working on everything himself, and now he is telling Adam to work. Adam is made in God’s image and he works almost immediately after coming to life. God not only made man in His image physique wise, but in all other aspects. One thing I learned from Genesis 2 is that God has a standard for mankind, and that He expects man to take care of what He gives man. (Gen 2:15). God was with Adam, and even though God was a companion for Adam, Adam needed more. God saw this and blessed Him with Eve.Throughout these two chapters you get to see how creative God can be, and how much He cares about mankind. God wanted Adam to be happy, and fulfilled. God had just met Adam in physical form and gave him all the desires of his heart. I find this amazing because how often does mankind cater to the needs and wants of one another, but God is ever so giving. I have been contemplating another theory as well that could explain the different focuses on Genesis 1 a nd Genesis 2. What if they were written by two different authors?Another possibility is that there were two stories being told and the writer could not decide which one to put in the bible, so he put both. Though there are two clashing stories, the basic idea for this story of creation can still be seen. This might explain why Genesis 1 has a broader spectrum of creation and why Genesis 2 focuses mainly on the creation of man. In Genesis 1 the names of man are not even mentioned. In Genesis 2 however we come to learn that their names are Adam (male) and Eve (female).Also in Genesis 2 we learn exactly how Eve is created; Goad takes a rib from Adam and makes Eve from that rib. Then she is called woman, because she is made from man (Gen 2:23). This appears nowhere in Genesis 1. Another possibility is that Genesis was also put in the Bible to show us how important the creation of man was. After all we are the only things that God created in his image (Gen 1:26). God makes a garden in Ed en and puts Adam in the eastern part of Eden to care over and keep it in order. He then instructs him about what trees to eat from and which to not eat from.Before God makes him a helper (on the 6th day) he brings all the creatures to Adam to name all the animals and birds (Gen 2:15). Then God reflects back at what he previously made before man. (Gen 1:24-25 explains the creatures made from the earth â€Å"according to its kind†) and has Adam name them before he puts him asleep to operate on him to give him his wife (Gen 2:21). â€Å"Out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field and every bird of the air, and b rought them to Adam to see what he would call them. † (Gen 2:19).They were seen by Adam and named, which brought the conclusion that he needed a helper; his wife Eve. Without Eve Adam would never be able to prosper, also he loves Eve. â€Å"This explains why a man leaves his father and his mother and is joined to his wife, and the two are unite d into one. Now the man and his wife were both naked, but they felt no shame. † (Gen 2:25). To me this is a very important detail that is left out in Genesis 1. You cannot come to understand the power God has bestowed upon man and what man needs without Genesis 2.That is why I believe both creation accounts are included in the bible. We needed to have a better understanding of the beginning of the human race. Without a start how can we ever finish and go up into the kingdom of God? God made us in his image for a reason, and that reason was for us to rule over the other living thing on earth and almost be shepherd like, but do so without sin. We must be pure and we must be faithful, that is the path to heaven. Both creation accounts explain how we came to be.But the first creation account is broader ranging and more of an overview, explaining the creation of night and day, land, sky, seas, seasons, plants, animals, and man. The second creation account focuses on the creation of humans, but also covers the growing of plants and the creation of animals. In both cases, the basics were already there; in the first account, the waters, the wind that blew across the water and the land underneath; in the second creation account, the dry land was there, but plants had not grown because God had yet to make it rain. So there were only very minutedifferences between the two, but the same concept was shared. Genesis 2 recaps the creation week and provides extra details on Adam and Eve's mode of creation and of their home in Eden. Genesis 1 sets out all of the creative work in order. Both deal with the same story but with different emphasis of the detail. To conclude, both of these chapters summarize God creating the world, and show the reader how creative, considerate, loving, and how all powerful God really is. Bibliography (Work Cited) Life Application Study Bible by Tyndale Genesis Chapters 1-2

Business Policy Essay

Produce a high quality products * Diversity and variety in products offered * Large market share (16% of global footwear market) * Major sponsor for a number of global sporting events * Purchasing of Reebok * Adidas has a Global Presence with over 2400 stores worldwide in a variety of regions. These alone account for nearly â‚ ¬2. 8bil. * Famous sports stars advertising products – Adidas has a series of football superstars who wear and advertise their products, including David Beckham, Zinedine Zidane, Stephen Gerrard etc. Weaknesses High prices in some products * Online customer service not â€Å"helpful† or easy to find * Not utilizing Reebok * Stiff competition and similar big brands means customers have high brand switching * The products can sometimes be costly due to innovative technology or production method * E-commerce is limited to USA Opportunities * Entering the Asian market, China is the fastest growing economy in the world. * Entering the female market * Social trend and popularity of social media sites such as Facebook, allowing Adidas to interact directly and build relationships with potential and current customers. Sponsorship of global sports events which improves the company’s global brand. These include an 11 year sponsorship on the NBA, the 2012 GB Olympic Games and the continued sponsorship of the FIFA WC. * Tie-up with emerging sports teams/clubs/players internationally * Collaborate with other online retailers to offer Adidas products Threats * Nike competition. Nike has strong reputation in the footwear and apparel industry * Global economic downturn. * Increase in the Price of Raw materials * Competition from designers such as Hugo Boss and Lacoste. * fake imitations affect brand image

The Neanderthal Man In Retrospect

We have always been fascinated by Darwin and his theories of evolution. With so many â€Å"schools of thought† of how the earth came into existence, it seemed impossible to narrow down our choices, analyze each theory, and prove everything that it postulates. It was a clear indication that the search for our ancestors, and the â€Å"missing link† will continue until an answer is sought. But, will we ever find out? For now, that remains to be seen. The Neanderthal man is believed to be one of the â€Å"missing links† in our ancestry. Like the Cro-Magnon man, Peking man, and Java man, this â€Å"species† became extinct 32,000 years ago. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize the reader with the Neanderthal man and the possible theories that might have led to his extinction. The remains of the Neanderthal man, also known as Homo (sapiens) neanderthalensis, was discovered in 1856 by workers quarrying for limestone in Neander Valley, Dusseldorf, Germany. These fossils were also found in other parts of Europe and Asia. They were considered a subspecies of humans because upon examination, they had features that are almost similar with humans, except for heavy brow ridges, a long low skull, and a robust skeleton (Foley, 2002). Neanderthals were shorter than the modern man, and as previously stated, had prominent brow ridges. Aside from that, they had low, sloping foreheads, a chinless and heavy, forward-jutting jaw, extremely large front teeth, wider shoulders and pelvis, more conical rib cage, and shorter forearms and lower legs (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2005). Some scientists, majority of which are paleoanthropoloists, claim that these were not a subspecies of humans because of their more â€Å"primitive† appearance. According to Stringer and Gamble (1993), the Neanderthals are a late form of Homo erectus or a descendant of that species. It was believed that the Neanderthals have been living in Europe 200,000 years before the Homo sapiens arrived (BBC News, 2007).In van der Dennen’s Book Review Essay on Neanderthal Man (2005), he stated that: This was the first evidence of a distinct (and now extinct) species or subspecies of human, Homo (sapiens) neanderthalensis, that lived during the later part of the Pleistocene epoch, more familiarly known as the Ice Age, some 200,000 to 30,000 years ago. During 1917, Emil Bachler, in one of his excavations in the mountains of Switzerland, found no fossils of the Neanderthals (Van der Dennen, 2005). However, Mousterian tools and the remains of many cave bears were in abundance. Mousterian tools were most closely associated with Neanderthals. Bachler also felt that the bones and the tools were part of a ritual, and believed that the Neanderthals practice some sort of   â€Å"bear cult† (Van der Dennen, 2005). This led to the notion that the Neanderthals, like humans, had some form of communication and â€Å"culture†. When the fossil of this subspecies was studied by world-renowned pathologist and anatomist, Rudolf Virchow, he found out that the remains had evidence of rickets and osteoporosis, and he attributed this to the ape-like appearance of Neanderthals. Rickets and Osteoporosis is a manifestation of Vitamin D deficiency. Francis Ivanhoe (1970) in his paper supported Virchow’s   statement and postulated that the disease causes skeletal deformities and enlargement of the liver and spleen (Thompson, 2002). This maybe true because in the Pleistocene epoch, more commonly referred to as the â€Å"IceAge†, sunlight was a rarity. Vitamin D, in itself is stored in an inactive form and in order for it to be utilized by the body, it needs to be converted to its active form by UV rays (good source, sunlight). Therefore, it is not surprising that a number of fossils recovered during this era had evidence of bone deformities. However, Trinkaus and Shipman (1992), claimed that Neanderthal features are not caused by these bone diseases and argued that the bones of the 1st Neanderthal, were about 50% thicker than the average modern man. Klein (1989), supported this idea by comparing the long bones of Neanderthals and those of rickets’ victims. He claimed that both of their long bones are more curved than normal but rickets causes a sideways curvature of the femur, while Neanderthal femurs curve backwards. If Neanderthals are more human than ape, then it should follow that these subspecies should have survived today. Surprisingly, this is not the case. One of the earliest theories of the extinction believe that the â€Å"Ice Age† era, with its harsh climate, could have killed the Neanderthals. It points out that during this period, it was not only the climate that affected them, but the scarcity of resources were a factor as well. However, Professor Katerina Harvati, a palaeoanthroplogist from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Germany, said: â€Å"The more controversial date of circa 24,000 years ago, places the last Neanderthals just before a major climate shift that would have been characterised by a large expansion of ice sheets and the onset of cold conditions in northern Europe† (Morrelle, 2007). Another theory is is the â€Å"candelabra model† or â€Å"multiregional evolution† theory. According to Trinkaus and Shipman (1992): â€Å"Though the evidence in different regions of the Old World records genuinely different events, nowhere is there evidence for violent confrontations between Neandertals and modern humans (myths notwithstanding). The mosaic of local evolution, migration, admixture, absorption, or local extinction of Neandertals was a complex process that occurred over the last 10,000 years† (p.416). But, Tattersall (2005), in his book, had another theory. He is convinced that the extinction of Homo neanderthalensis was brought about by the arrival of the more intelligent and   more adaptable Homo sapiens, and that the latter killed the race of the former. On his book he wrote: â€Å"It is vanishingly unlikely, however, that peaceful assimilation was an overall option, with groups of the two kinds of humans [the resident Homo neanderthalensis and the invading Homo sapiens or Cro-Magnons] exchanging members when they met and going their separate ways, or joining forces. More likely, perhaps, if intermixing is to be considered at all, is a scenario of well-equipped and cunning Homo sapiens descending on Neanderthal groups, killing the males – through strategy and guile, certainly not through strength – and abducting the females†(p. 202). However, there was no evidence of large scale killings (Richards, 1987), and the theory of â€Å"Biological displacement† was proposed. It states that the Neanderthals and modern man (Cro-Magnons), coexisted and lived side by side. But, due to the fact that humans are much more intelligent than these subspecies, they might have indirectly led to the extinction of Neanderthals by driving them away from their territories. These led to occasional violence between the groups, but, as expected the humans won, driving them to places with insufficient resources for sustenance. Ironicallly, the very species that are studying these Neanderthals are the cause of their extinction. Works Cited â€Å"Neanderthal Man.† Columbia Encyclopedia 6th edition. 2005. Foley, Jim. â€Å"Creationist Arguments: Neandertals† 31 October 2002. Talkorigins. 14 September 2007 http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/a_neands.html Ivanhoe, Francis. â€Å"Was Virchow Right About Neanderthal?† 1970. Nature, 227:577-579 Klein, Richard. The Human Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins. 1989. Morrelle, Rebecca. â€Å"Neanderthal Climate Link Debated†. 13 September 2007 BBC News. 15 September 2007 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6992721.stm Richards, G. Human Evolution: An Introduction for the Behavioural Sciences. 1987. Stringer, Andrew and Clive Gamble. In Search of Neanderthals. 1993. Tattersall, Ian. The Last Neanderthal: The Rise, Success, and Mysterious Extinction of Our Closest Human Relatives. 2005. Thompson, Bert. â€Å"Neanderthal Man – Another Look.† May 2002. Apologetics Press. 15 September 2007 http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/491 Trinkaus, E., and P. Shipman. The Neanderthals: Changing the Images of   Mankind. 1992. Van der Dennen, Johan. â€Å"The Continuing Essay of Neanderthal Man: Book Essay.† 2005. Rechten University of Goningen. 15 September 2007 http://rechten.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/departments/Algemeen/overigepublicaties/2005enouder/NEANDER/NEANDER.pdf â€Å"The Day We Learned To Think – Programme Summary.† 20 February 2007. BBC News. 14 September 2007 http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2003/learnthink.shtml   

Kashmir essays

Kashmir essays The Muslim and Hindu peoples of Kashmir have lived in relative harmony and friendliness since the 13th century when Islam first became the majority religion in Kashmir. The Sufi-Islamic way of life that ordinary Muslims followed in Kashmir complemented the rishi tradition of Kashmiri Pandits (Hindus), leading to a syncretic culture where Hindus and Muslims revered the same local saints and prayed at the same shrines. Periodically however, there have been rulers and leaders who have had a narrow view of Islam, and have subjected Hindu minorities to great cruelties and discrimination. The current armed secessionist movement in Kashmir mostly derives its inspiration from these people. A canard is now being spread past few years by the secessionist-terrorists and their sympathizers that in 1990 Kashmiri Pandits left Kashmir willingly, having been "tricked" by then Jammu and Kashmir.. Nothing could be farther from the truth. The fact is that Kashmiri Pandits were driven from their homeland after a campaign of intimidation and harassment was launched against them by the military-wing of the secessionists. Kashmiri Pandits were forced from their hearths and homes at the point of gun. The objective of this ethnic cleansing was to create a minority free Kashmir valley where the goal of Islamization could be easily forced on the ordinary people. The books and articles below will provide you with an in-depth understanding of the genesis of the current political situation in Jammu and Kashmir. The religious philosophy of Kashmiri Hindus is rooted in Kashmiri Shaivism, a school of Shiva philosophy that originated near Kailasha in Himalayas around 400 AD. The first teacher of this school was Tryambakaditya, a disciple of sage Durvasas. Sangamaditya, the sixteenth descendent in the line of Tryambakaditya, later settled in Kashmir valley around 800 AD. His fourth descendent, Somananda, extracted the principles of monistic Shiva philosoph ...

Definition and Examples of Delivery in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Delivery in Rhetoric One of the five traditional parts or canons of rhetoric , concerned with the control of voice and gestures when giving a speech. Known as hypocrisis in Greek and actio in Latin. Etymology:  From the Latin  de  away   liber  free (to give away) Pronunciation:  di-LIV-i-ree Also Known  As:  actio,  hypocrisis Examples and Observations of Delivery It should not be surprising that it was professional actors who gave a special impetus to a study of delivery, for all the spell-binding orators in history (men like Demosthenes, Churchill, William Jennings Bryan, Bishop Sheen, Billy Graham) have been, in a sense, great actors.  (Edward P.J. Corbett and Robert J. Connors, Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 1999)[Aristotle] compares rhetorical delivery to theatrical performance and emphasizes the effect of delivery on different audiences; the effectiveness and appropriateness of delivery make a speech successful or not.  (Kathleen E. Welch, Delivery. Enclopedia, 2001) of RhetoricAll these parts of oratory succeed according as they are delivered. Delivery . . . has the sole and supreme power in oratory; without it, a speaker of the highest mental capacity can be held in no esteem; while one of moderate abilities, with this qualification, may surpass even those of the highest talent.  (Cice ro, De Oratore) Before you can persuade a man into any opinion, he must first be convinced that you believe it yourself. This he can never be, unless the tones of voice in which you speak come from the heart, accompanied by corresponding looks, and gestures, which naturally result from a man who speaks in earnest. (Thomas Sheridan, British Education, 1756)The behavioral biologists and psychologists call [delivery] nonverbal communication and have added immeasurably to our knowledge of this kind of human expressivity. (Richard Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, 2nd ed., 1991) Senator John McCain's Delivery [John] McCain moves awkwardly through complex phrases, sometimes surprising himself with the end of a sentence. He regularly leaves his audience without any cues to applaud. Despite years in public life, he makes bumpy transitions from personal anecdotes to broad policy pronouncements... McCain needs all the help he can get, said Martin Medhurst, a communications professor at Baylor University and the editor of Rhetoric and Public Affairs, a quarterly journal... Such a weak delivery affects viewers’and voters’perceptions of the speaker’s sincerity, knowledge, and credibility, Medhurst said. Some politicians just don’t understand that they must devote a certain amount of time to their communications, or it’s going to hurt them. (Holly Yeager, McCain Speeches Dont Deliver. The Washington Independent, Apr. 3, 2008) Regendering Delivery [A]lthough the physical and vocal concerns of delivery initially appear relevant to all public speakers, closer scrutiny of the canon soon reveals masculinist biases and assumptions. Delivery has not pertained equally to both men and women because, for millennia, women were culturally prohibited from standing and speaking in public, their voices and forms acceptable only in the spectator role (if at all). Thus, women were systematically discouraged from the very actions that constitute delivery, a matter unrecognized in the traditional fifth canon. . . . Indeed, I would argue that when researchers attention is focused too narrowly on the voice, gesture, and expression of the good woman speaking well, much that is germane to her delivery is overlooked. Clearly, the traditional fifth canon is in need of renovation. (Lindal Buchanan, Regendering Delivery: The Fifth Canon and Antebellum Women Rhetors. Southern Illinois University Press, 2005)

Balken Reigon essays

Balken Reigon essays The Balkan Region has always been considered the Powder Keg of Europe. Usually when a war starts in Europe, the starting incident is always somewhere in the Balkans. One of the reasons for this is that through out the region, many different social and religious groups are all living in the same country and all trying to rule. In the past the ruling power has always been the Serbs. Recently the other majorities in the region have decided that they wanted to become an independent country, which of course displeased the Serbs. These problems have been around for a while and still prevail today. The wars in the 1990s have happened for many reasons boiling together until the pot overflows. One of the reasons that many people point to is the leader of Serbia, who is Slobodan Milosevic. Milosevic is for a Greater Serbia, which basically means one whole Serbia and little regard for the other nationalities in the Balkans. Milosevic has used anything possible to accomplish this goal of his, including war on the other nationalities, armed or not. Another reason for the wars in the nineties is the act of the HDZ to suggest a Greater Croatia, and reject the Serbian dominance. The war in the spring 1991 in Slovenia started when a meeting was held without Serbian representation. While this was going on, the Serbs started to barricade Sarajevo. This led to a minor disturbance that lasted ten days and was settled for the time. The most recent two conflicts were very similar. Both of these conflicts involved ethnic cleansing by Milosevic and the Serbs. One was started in Croatia in the spring of 1991 and settled in 1993. The last of the three wars was in Bosnia and Herzegovina and was fought until the UN stepped in and settled it. Ethnic Cleansing is a harsh policy implied by the Serbs. It involved the killing of many people in the towns and villages who were n ...

Classic Quotes From Comedian Mitch Hedberg

Classic Quotes From Comedian Mitch Hedberg American stand-up comedian Mitch Hedberg was known for his quirky observations and dry delivery of fast one-liners that kept his audiences hustling to keep up with him. His friends claim he was the funniest person in the world. Whether or not you agree, youre bound to enjoy reading some of his classic remarks.   Mitch Hedbergs Thoughts on a Mechanized World I know a lot about cars. I can look at a cars headlights and tell you exactly which way its coming. I like an escalator, man, cause an escalator can never break. It can only become stairs. There would never be an Escalator temporarily out of order sign, only Escalator temporarily stairs. Sorry for the convenience. Funny Things About Food I bought a donut, and they gave me a receipt. When will I ever need to prove I bought a donut? Some skeptical friend: Hey man! Dont you even act like I didnt buy this donut! I have the receipt ... damn ... I forgot it at home ...in the filing cabinet under D...for donut. That would be cool if you could eat a good food with a bad food and the good food would cover for the bad food when it got to your stomach. Like you could eat a carrot with an onion ring and they would travel down to your stomach, then they would get there, and the carrot would say, Its cool, hes with me. My friend said to me, You know what I like? Mashed potatoes. I was like, Dude, you have to give me time to guess. If youre going to quiz me you have to insert a pause. On Relationships I dont have a girlfriend. But I do know a woman whod be mad at me for saying that. I dont have any children, but if I had a baby, I would have to name it, so I would get a baby-naming book. Or I would invite somebody over who had a cast on. To Sleep Perchance to Dream You know, Im sick of following my dreams, man. Im just going to ask where theyre going and hook up with em later. I hate dreaming because when you want to sleep, you want to sleep. Dreaming is work. Next thing you know, I have to build a go-cart with my ex-landlord. Department of Health People who smoke cigarettes, they say You dont know how hard it is to quit smoking.  Yes,  I do. Its as hard as it is to start flossing. Someone handed me a picture and said, This is a picture of me when I was younger. Every picture of you is when you were younger. Heres a picture of me when Im older. Whered you get that camera man? I used to do drugs. I still do, but I used to, too. My fake plants  died  because I did not pretend to water them. Mitch Hedbergs Random Musings on Golf and Other Subjects Im not good at golf, I never got good. I never got a hole in one, but I did hit a guy. And thats way more satisfying. Youre supposed to yell Fore, but I was too busy mumbling There aint no way thats gonna hit him. I went to the park and saw this kid flying a kite. The kid was really excited. I dont know why. Thats what theyre supposed to do. Now if he had had a chair on the other end of that string, I would have been impressed. You know, theres a fishing show on TV. They catch the fish, but they let it go. They dont want to eat the fish, but they do want to make it late for something. I use the word totally too much. I need to change it up and use a word that is different but has the same meaning. Mitch, do you like submarine  sandwiches? All-encompassingly.

Green IT support in resolving environmental issues Research Paper

Green IT support in resolving environmental issues - Research Paper Example The adoption of Green approach to IT encompasses a broad range of activities that all possess the same objective: efficiency. Going Green has in recent years gained significance in recent years for diverse reasons, including revival in attention to environmental concerns and the confirmed cost savings that accompany green initiatives. This paper highlights the significance of Green IT in addressing the close connection between the environmental, economic, and social concerns, especially in reconciling the planet’s environmental needs with development needs. The paper concludes that, despite the rebound effects cited to downplay the effects of Green IT, Green IT is indeed a perfect means of resolving environmental issues that organizations face today. Green IT support in resolving environmental issues Introduction Environmental and energy conservation issues have recently gained topicality within the global business arena. This has largely been fuelled by the reality of increas ing energy costs combined with growing concerns over global warming climate crisis, plus other environmental issues. Green IT may refer to three critical areas of research; IT efficiency in terms of energy, management of the lifecycle of IT that is eco-compatible, and IT as a phenomenon that enables green governance (Barney 1996, p.50). The design, manufacture, deployment, function, utilization, and disposal of information technology bear significant ramifications for the environment. Up to 70% of CO2 emissions form IT comes from data centers (Hart 1997, p.67). This can be minimized by virtualization altering from â€Å"always on† to â€Å"always available,† and minimal consumption equipment. Green Approach and Computing Green IT activities are directed at â€Å"greenization,† or reduction of emissions through the use of IT technologies. IT managers can play a significant role in aiding their companies’ implement a green approach towards the agency's comp uting since they bear a rewarding impact on both environmental and fiscal concerns. There are two critical roles played by the IT solutions, which include saving energy form IT devices themselves (of IT) and saving energy by IT (by IT). Green IT is characterized into two categories, namely: enhancing energy efficiency of IT equipment (PC, Server, Storage), datacenter, parts (semiconductor) and electronics (TV, DVD, Refrigerator); and enhancing energy efficiency of the society by employment of IT solutions in industries (enhancing the efficiency of a production process, in business (such as use of web meeting), in households (online shopping), and transportation (eco-drive) (Sharma 2000, p.682). The implementation of Green IT has been critical in mitigating the rising energy costs and environmental damage. Green IT solutions address a wide range of environmental issues targeted at gaining sustainability. Addressing Environmental Concerns by Use of Green IT In the contemporary society , the challenges to the environment are concise. They include the urge for clean water and air; reasonable and consistent delivery of energy; reduced fossil fuels supply; climate change and its inferences for future generations. As a result, energy and climate related issues have become top issues for some corporation’s strategic agenda (Molla 2009, p.2). Green IT solutions can aid clients to reduce costs and systematically minimize energy, water, e-waste, and carbon

The Asian Tiger Mosquito Dengue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Asian Tiger Mosquito Dengue - Essay Example Mosquitoes in general are widely known insects which are parasitic and transmit diseases among the human beings. Against this background, this essay seeks to critically review the diseases caused by mosquitoes particularly the denegue fever. The Asian Tiger Mosquitoes are distinctly shiny and they have black scales which have a silver white band down the middle of their back. This is regarded as a medium sized mosquito with about 2 to 3 millimeters in length. It appears as if it is wearing stripped black and white socks on its legs. According to Novak (1992), this type of mosquito is very aggressive during the daytime particularly early in the morning as well late afternoon. Between 10 in the morning and 3 in the afternoon, this mosquito is believed to be on its peak period of biting. As implied by the name, this type of mosquito originates from the continent of Asiain various areas such as New Guinea, India, Pakistan, Madagascar, China, Korea and Japan. Other recent studies have also indicated that this kind of mosquito specie is also found in the islands of Hawaii and South Pacific. There have also been studies which indicate that this specie also exists in the states of Delaware, Texas, New Jersey and Maryland. Habitat: The Asian Tiger Mosquitoes are commonly known to favour breeding in natural as well as artificial containers with stagnant water such as tree holes, tires, empty tins, flower pots, bottles and a lot of other disused household cans lying idle and trapping water. Life cycle: According to information obtained from IntroduceSpeciesWHSAPBio (N.D), the egg is the starting point in the life cycle of the Asian Tiger Mosquitoes. It can hatch between a period which is as early as four days to one year depending on the immersion of the eggs. Following the hatching of the eggs, most of the larvae live underwater and they feed on anything that is smaller than 10 microns that is found in the water. It takes 3 days to several